tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44962953614450636712024-03-08T12:04:58.581-08:00TUGAS TKJ XIAtaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10085631725841168364noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4496295361445063671.post-8895706031059677132010-11-15T06:23:00.000-08:002010-11-15T06:23:25.565-08:00Jaringan komputer<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)">Sebuah <b>jaringan komputer,</b> sering hanya disebut sebagai jaringan, adalah kumpulan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computers&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhP6CLZLJ-b6OYuozJ8SbTcZD0IMQ" title="Komputer">komputer</a> dan perangkat interkoneksi oleh saluran komunikasi yang memfasilitasi komunikasi antara pengguna dan memungkinkan pengguna untuk berbagi sumber daya.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics.</span> Jaringan dapat diklasifikasikan menurut berbagai karakteristik.</span><br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Introduction">Pendahuluan</span></span> </h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices.</span> Sebuah jaringan komputer memungkinkan berbagi sumber daya dan informasi antar perangkat saling berhubungan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In the 1960s, the Advanced Research Projects Agency ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi7LVTuPC4q0dQbqjokcT-LGKfrRg" title="DARPA">ARPA</a> ) started funding the design of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg2L_3u_Hv_CwToPFasevr2jmjhrw" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a> ) for the United States Department of Defense.</span> Pada tahun 1960, Advanced Research Projects Agency ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi7LVTuPC4q0dQbqjokcT-LGKfrRg" title="DARPA">ARPA</a> ) mulai pendanaan rancangan Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg2L_3u_Hv_CwToPFasevr2jmjhrw" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a> ) untuk Amerika Serikat Departemen Pertahanan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It was the first computer network in the world. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-0"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><span>[</span> 1 <span>]</span></sup></a> Development of the network began in 1969, based on designs developed during the 1960s.</span> Ini adalah jaringan komputer pertama di dunia. <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-0"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0">[1]</sup></a></span> Pengembangan jaringan dimulai pada tahun 1969, berdasarkan desain dikembangkan selama tahun 1960-an.</span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Purpose">Tujuan</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Computer networks can be used for several purposes:</span> jaringan komputer dapat digunakan untuk beberapa tujuan:</span> <br />
<ul><li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Facilitating communications.</i> Using a network, people can communicate efficiently and easily via email, instant messaging, chat rooms, telephone, video telephone calls, and video conferencing.</span> <i>Memfasilitasi komunikasi.</i> Dengan menggunakan jaringan, orang dapat berkomunikasi secara efisien dan mudah melalui email, instant messaging, chat room, telepon, telepon video, dan video conferencing.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Sharing hardware.</i> In a networked environment, each computer on a network may access and use hardware resources on the network, such as printing a document on a shared network printer.</span> <i>Berbagi perangkat keras.</i> Dalam sebuah lingkungan jaringan, setiap komputer pada jaringan dapat mengakses dan menggunakan sumber daya perangkat keras pada jaringan, seperti mencetak dokumen pada printer jaringan bersama.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Sharing files, data, and information.</i> In a network environment, authorized user may access data and information stored on other computers on the network.</span> <i>Berbagi file, data, dan informasi.</i> Dalam sebuah lingkungan jaringan, berwenang pengguna dapat mengakses data dan informasi yang tersimpan di komputer lain di jaringan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The capability of providing access to data and information on shared storage devices is an important feature of many networks.</span> Kemampuan memberikan akses ke data dan informasi pada perangkat penyimpanan bersama adalah fitur penting dari banyak jaringan.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Sharing software.</i> Users connected to a network may run application <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgSpc7y0Bci99k3MLLMWsB6UMW3Qg" title="Program komputer">programs</a> on remote computers.</span> <i>Berbagi perangkat lunak.</i> Pengguna terhubung ke jaringan dapat menjalankan aplikasi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgSpc7y0Bci99k3MLLMWsB6UMW3Qg" title="Program komputer">program</a> pada komputer remote.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Information preservation.</i></span> <i>Informasi pelestarian.</i></span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Security.</i></span> <i>Keamanan.</i></span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Speed up.</i> Sharing software. <i>Users connected to a network may run application <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgSpc7y0Bci99k3MLLMWsB6UMW3Qg" title="Program komputer">programs</a> on remote computers.</i></span> <i>Mempercepat..</i> Sharing software <i>Pengguna terhubung ke jaringan dapat menjalankan aplikasi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgSpc7y0Bci99k3MLLMWsB6UMW3Qg" title="Program komputer">program</a> pada komputer remote. </i></span> </li>
</ul><h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Network_classification">Klasifikasi Jaringan</span></span> </h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The following list presents categories used for classifying networks.</span> Daftar berikut ini menyajikan kategori yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasi jaringan.</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Connection_method">Metode Koneksi</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Computer networks can be classified according to the hardware and software technology that is used to interconnect the individual devices in the network, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhggWfTxFoSWfEmA0JWDWDZzgUa5Rg" title="Serat optik">optical fiber</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgBe2lIeMT6VfI-xWWBggQf7w9NkQ" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgv0wQKdFE9GV2HtY1AaFuzq2w2bQ" title="Wireless LAN">wireless LAN</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HomePNA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhU3SQ6fanb4jigtqr9txu0jNxxow" title="HomePNA">HomePNA</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_line_communication&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgcLUZXQAXLa0Ee1O-ynJDvklxJSA" title="Power line komunikasi">power line communication</a> or <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.hn&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgTDrc4g_5U6nELtbPvkVrhe0Fopg" title="G.hn">G.hn</a> .</span> jaringan komputer dapat diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan perangkat keras dan teknologi perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk saling behubungan masing-masing perangkat dalam jaringan, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhggWfTxFoSWfEmA0JWDWDZzgUa5Rg" title="Serat optik">serat optik</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgBe2lIeMT6VfI-xWWBggQf7w9NkQ" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgv0wQKdFE9GV2HtY1AaFuzq2w2bQ" title="Wireless LAN">wireless LAN</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HomePNA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhU3SQ6fanb4jigtqr9txu0jNxxow" title="HomePNA">HomePNA</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_line_communication&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgcLUZXQAXLa0Ee1O-ynJDvklxJSA" title="Power line komunikasi">jalur komunikasi listrik</a> atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.hn&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgTDrc4g_5U6nELtbPvkVrhe0Fopg" title="G.hn">G.hn</a> .</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Ethernet uses physical wiring to connect devices.</span> Ethernet menggunakan kabel fisik untuk menghubungkan berbagai perangkat.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Frequently deployed devices include hubs, switches, bridges, or routers.</span> Sering perangkat dikerahkan termasuk hub, switch, jembatan, atau router.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Wireless LAN technology is designed to connect devices without wiring.</span> Teknologi LAN nirkabel dirancang untuk menghubungkan perangkat tanpa kabel.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">These devices use <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waves&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipYnDu1IXntcninMdTy4Dh8MEnfA" title="Gelombang radio">radio waves</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IrDA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhSIXt3qKZWCyC3yIBFwYCHbGnoDQ" title="IrDA">infrared</a> signals as a transmission medium. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhIP8x_M-PskdGbC8uvhNxWgP02aw" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.hn&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgTDrc4g_5U6nELtbPvkVrhe0Fopg" title="G.hn">G.hn</a> technology uses existing <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_wiring&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgd1yP9XnJH7AoiDaFYbMtNaQ5bIQ" title="Home kabel">home wiring</a> ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_coax&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi20BI43Qi8vbku5608F1g7LF-Kkw" title="Ethernet lebih dari membujuk">coaxial cable</a> , phone lines and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_line_communication&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgcLUZXQAXLa0Ee1O-ynJDvklxJSA" title="Power line komunikasi">power lines</a> ) to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) local area network.</span> Perangkat ini menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waves&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipYnDu1IXntcninMdTy4Dh8MEnfA" title="Gelombang radio">gelombang radio</a> atau <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IrDA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhSIXt3qKZWCyC3yIBFwYCHbGnoDQ" title="IrDA">inframerah</a> sinyal sebagai media transmisi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhIP8x_M-PskdGbC8uvhNxWgP02aw" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.hn&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgTDrc4g_5U6nELtbPvkVrhe0Fopg" title="G.hn">G.hn</a> teknologi yang ada menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_wiring&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgd1yP9XnJH7AoiDaFYbMtNaQ5bIQ" title="Home kabel">kabel rumah</a> ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_coax&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi20BI43Qi8vbku5608F1g7LF-Kkw" title="Ethernet lebih dari membujuk">kabel koaksial</a> , saluran telepon dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_line_communication&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgcLUZXQAXLa0Ee1O-ynJDvklxJSA" title="Power line komunikasi">kabel listrik</a> ) untuk membuat kecepatan-tinggi (sampai dengan 1 Gigabit / s) area lokal jaringan.</span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Wired_technologies">teknologi Wired</span></span> </h3><ul><li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_pair&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgZt6jYHxwwXhqtRLA1yJsIg8ssaw" title="Twisted pair">Twisted pair</a> wire</i> is the most widely used medium for telecommunication.</span> <i><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_pair&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgZt6jYHxwwXhqtRLA1yJsIg8ssaw" title="Twisted pair">Twisted pair</a> kawat</i> adalah media yang paling banyak digunakan untuk telekomunikasi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Twisted-pair wires are ordinary telephone wires which consist of two insulated copper wires twisted into pairs and are used for both voice and data transmission.</span> Twisted-pair kawat kabel telepon biasa yang terdiri dari dua kawat tembaga dipelintir menjadi pasangan dan digunakan untuk suara dan transmisi data.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The use of two wires twisted together helps to reduce <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk_%28electronics%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgBf6pCGIGUakKNPbdaRnB668iFNw" title="Crosstalk (elektronik)">crosstalk</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjJ6ItGGkfcOxpw4g-29mMXEBbh2g" title="Induksi elektromagnetik">electromagnetic induction</a> .</span> Penggunaan dua kawat pilin bersama-sama membantu mengurangi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk_%28electronics%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgBf6pCGIGUakKNPbdaRnB668iFNw" title="Crosstalk (elektronik)">crosstalk</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjJ6ItGGkfcOxpw4g-29mMXEBbh2g" title="Induksi elektromagnetik">induksi elektromagnetik</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The transmission speed ranges from 2 million bits per second to 100 million bits per second.</span> Rentang kecepatan transmisi dari 2 juta bit per detik menjadi 100 juta bit per detik.</span> </li>
</ul><ul><li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh-xFvxH3pYPAMHOHCNwBsSv7-GRg" title="Kawat koaksial"><i>Coaxial cable</i></a> is widely used for cable television systems, office buildings, and other worksites for local area networks.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh-xFvxH3pYPAMHOHCNwBsSv7-GRg" title="Kawat koaksial"><i>Kabel Coaxial</i></a> banyak digunakan untuk sistem televisi kabel, gedung perkantoran, dan worksites lainnya untuk jaringan area lokal.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The cables consist of copper or aluminum wire wrapped with insulating layer typically of a flexible material with a high dielectric constant, all of which are surrounded by a conductive layer.</span> Kabel terdiri dari tembaga atau kawat aluminium dibungkus dengan lapisan isolasi biasanya dari bahan yang fleksibel dengan konstan dielektrik yang tinggi, yang semuanya dikelilingi oleh lapisan konduktif.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The layers of insulation help minimize interference and distortion.</span> Lapisan isolasi membantu meminimalkan gangguan dan distorsi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Transmission speed range from 200 million to more than 500 million bits per second.</span> Kecepatan transmisi berkisar dari 200 juta menjadi lebih dari 500 juta bit per detik.</span> </li>
</ul><ul><li><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhggWfTxFoSWfEmA0JWDWDZzgUa5Rg" title="Serat optik">Optical fiber</a> cable</i> consists of one or more filaments of glass fiber wrapped in protective layers.</span> <i><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhggWfTxFoSWfEmA0JWDWDZzgUa5Rg" title="Serat optik">serat optik</a> kabel</i> terdiri dari satu atau lebih filamen dari serat kaca yang dibungkus lapisan pelindung.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It transmits light which can travel over extended distances.</span> Ia memancarkan cahaya yang dapat dijalankan di atas jarak diperpanjang.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Fiber-optic cables are not affected by electromagnetic radiation.</span> kabel serat-optik tidak terpengaruh oleh radiasi elektromagnetik.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Transmission speed may reach trillions of bits per second.</span> Kecepatan transmisi dapat mencapai triliunan bit per detik.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The transmission speed of fiber optics is hundreds of times faster than for coaxial cables and thousands of times faster than a twisted-pair wire. <sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Klaim ini perlu referensi ke sumber terpercaya dari Agustus 2010">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh0FMIfBfTygwmHmYqpf3zKtOHkRw" title="Wikipedia: Citation diperlukan"><i>citation needed</i></a> ]</sup></span> Kecepatan transmisi serat optik adalah ratusan kali lebih cepat daripada kabel koaksial dan ribuan kali lebih cepat daripada kawat twisted-pair. </span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Wireless_technologies">Teknologi Wireless</span></span> </h3></li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Terrestrial <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjiz4soTBZ30vPTpQKYLafUowiBQw" title="Microwave">microwave</a></i> – Terrestrial microwaves use Earth-based transmitter and receiver.</span> <i>Terestrial <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjiz4soTBZ30vPTpQKYLafUowiBQw" title="Microwave">microwave</a></i> - Terrestrial microwave menggunakan berbasis pemancar dan penerima Bumi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The equipment look similar to satellite dishes.</span> Peralatan yang terlihat mirip dengan piring satelit.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Terrestrial microwaves use low-gigahertz range, which limits all communications to line-of-sight.</span> Terrestrial microwave menggunakan kisaran rendah gigahertz, yang membatasi semua komunikasi dengan garis-melihat-.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Path between relay stations spaced approx, 30 miles apart.</span> Jalur antara stasiun relay jarak kira-kira, 30 mil terpisah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Microwave antennas are usually placed on top of buildings, towers, hills, and mountain peaks.</span> antena microwave biasanya ditempatkan di atas gedung, menara, bukit, dan puncak gunung.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Communications <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgo6Y7V10s0LsQ2eFm4k-lZdEgpNg" title="Satelit">satellites</a></i> – The satellites use microwave radio as their telecommunications medium which are not deflected by the Earth's atmosphere.</span> <i>Komunikasi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgo6Y7V10s0LsQ2eFm4k-lZdEgpNg" title="Satelit">satelit</a></i> - The satelit menggunakan radio microwave sebagai sarana telekomunikasi mereka yang tidak dibelokkan oleh atmosfer bumi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The satellites are stationed in space, typically 22,000 miles (for geosynchronous satellites) above the equator.</span> Satelit ditempatkan dalam ruang, biasanya 22.000 mil (untuk satelit geosynchronous) di atas khatulistiwa.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">These Earth-orbiting systems are capable of receiving and relaying voice, data, and TV signals.</span> Sistem ini mengorbit Bumi mampu menerima dan menyampaikan suara, data, dan sinyal TV.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Cellular and PCS systems</i> – Use several radio communications technologies.</span> <i>Selular dan sistem PCS</i> - Gunakan teknologi beberapa radio komunikasi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The systems are divided to different geographic areas.</span> Sistem dibagi ke daerah-daerah geografis yang berbeda.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Each area has a low-power transmitter or radio relay antenna device to relay calls from one area to the next area.</span> Setiap daerah memiliki pemancar berdaya rendah atau radio relay antena perangkat untuk menyiarkan panggilan dari satu daerah ke daerah berikutnya.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>Wireless LANs</i> – Wireless local area network use a high-frequency radio technology similar to digital cellular and a low-frequency radio technology.</span> <i>Wireless LAN</i> - Jaringan area lokal nirkabel menggunakan teknologi radio frekuensi tinggi yang sama ke digital selular dan frekuensi radio teknologi rendah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Wireless LANs use spread spectrum technology to enable communication between multiple devices in a limited area.</span> Wireless LAN menggunakan teknologi spread spectrum untuk memungkinkan komunikasi antara beberapa perangkat di lahan terbatas.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">An example of open-standards wireless radio-wave technology is IEEE.</span> Contoh open-standar nirkabel gelombang radio teknologi IEEE.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_communication&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjo8j4Lvn5F6SJa0thsV0KhfRYCyQ" title="Komunikasi inframerah">Infrared communication</a> , which can transmit signals between devices within small distances not more than 10 meters peer to peer or ( face to face ) without any body in the line of transmitting.</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_communication&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjo8j4Lvn5F6SJa0thsV0KhfRYCyQ" title="Komunikasi inframerah">komunikasi inframerah</a> , yang dapat mengirim sinyal antara perangkat dalam jarak kecil tidak lebih dari 10 meter peer to peer atau (tatap muka) tanpa tubuh di garis transmisi.</span><h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Scale">Skala</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Networks are often classified as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjbU6qHrQkKXxj1UARn_fYV63Hxrw" title="Jaringan area lokal">local area network</a> (LAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihWQg0A3I0_WbdOIJI40_XaAebXw" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZGBB0GcP4fB5AptDryh9qvqHOWQ" title="Metropolitan area network">metropolitan area network</a> (MAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipF2rljo_ADK05S7GmKRj7DKwr3Q" title="Personal area network">personal area network</a> (PAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhirb5x-ZNeInG3lehADSHrwGtjo4g" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> (VPN), <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj0N6IBSxnI2_Wj03eq3SQyfzD4WQ" title="Jaringan area kampus">campus area network</a> (CAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj7M5d7HYHaVdvxjxveBV4qdqacbw" title="Storage area network">storage area network</a> (SAN), and others, depending on their scale, scope and purpose, eg, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhYx1YXqpJumcnF_YFLQwnbRXkasQ" title="Controller area network">controller area network</a> (CAN) usage, trust level, and access right often differ between these types of networks.</span> Jaringan sering diklasifikasikan sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjbU6qHrQkKXxj1UARn_fYV63Hxrw" title="Jaringan area lokal">jaringan area lokal</a> (LAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihWQg0A3I0_WbdOIJI40_XaAebXw" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZGBB0GcP4fB5AptDryh9qvqHOWQ" title="Metropolitan area network">jaringan area metropolitan</a> (MAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipF2rljo_ADK05S7GmKRj7DKwr3Q" title="Personal area network">jaringan area pribadi</a> (PAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhirb5x-ZNeInG3lehADSHrwGtjo4g" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> (VPN), <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj0N6IBSxnI2_Wj03eq3SQyfzD4WQ" title="Jaringan area kampus">jaringan area kampus</a> (CAN), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj7M5d7HYHaVdvxjxveBV4qdqacbw" title="Storage area network">jaringan area penyimpanan</a> (SAN), dan lain-lain, tergantung pada ruang lingkup, skala dan tujuan mereka, misalnya, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhYx1YXqpJumcnF_YFLQwnbRXkasQ" title="Controller area network">controller area network</a> (CAN) penggunaan, tingkat kepercayaan, dan akses kanan sering berbeda antara kedua jenis jaringan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">LANs tend to be designed for internal use by an organization's internal systems and employees in individual physical locations, such as a building, while WANs may connect physically separate parts of an organization and may include connections to third parties.</span> LAN cenderung dirancang untuk penggunaan internal oleh sistem internal organisasi dan karyawan di lokasi fisik masing-masing, seperti gedung, sedangkan WAN dapat menghubungkan bagian-bagian fisik terpisah dari suatu organisasi dan mungkin termasuk koneksi ke pihak ketiga.</span><br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"></span><h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Functional_relationship_.28network_architecture.29">hubungan Fungsional (arsitektur jaringan)</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Computer networks may be classified according to the functional relationships which exist among the elements of the network, eg, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_networking&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4lCA9heMy_x54ygfffahZQMZ5fQ" title="Aktif jaringan">active networking</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%25E2%2580%2593server&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhDVS0v3WZePVh_zB1_n6gSBH49vQ" title="Klien-server">client–server</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFHVV2ysvHjGCPjxRgMHActinpRA" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> (workgroup) architecture.</span> jaringan komputer dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan hubungan fungsional yang ada antara unsur-unsur jaringan, misalnya, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_networking&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4lCA9heMy_x54ygfffahZQMZ5fQ" title="Aktif jaringan">jaringan aktif</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%25E2%2580%2593server&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhDVS0v3WZePVh_zB1_n6gSBH49vQ" title="Klien-server">client-server</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFHVV2ysvHjGCPjxRgMHActinpRA" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> (workgroup) arsitektur.</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Network_topology">Topologi Jaringan</span></span></h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)">jaringan komputer dapat diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0puj2i8FRt-C-ahuTjhtHcu5iCQ" title="Topologi jaringan">topologi jaringan</a> di atas jaringan yang didasarkan, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgqj4C-I5giHB5ga4JfNQfJTzl1_Q" title="Bus jaringan">jaringan bus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhgiFLscNmltAoNm_CUgWHZ4lHPKw" title="Bintang jaringan">jaringan bintang</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjmO3OBezOLFyc1b1TnJwP98FZtcA" title="Ring jaringan">jaringan ring</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg9BV7tILZba7s-Qx9roxg4t9zetw" title="Mesh jaringan">jaringan mesh</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Network topology is the coordination by which devices in the network are arranged in their logical relations to one another, independent of physical arrangement.</span> topologi jaringan adalah koordinasi dengan mana perangkat dalam jaringan disusun dalam hubungan logis mereka satu sama lain, terlepas dari pengaturan fisik.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Even if networked computers are physically placed in a linear arrangement and are connected to a hub, the network has a star topology, rather than a bus topology.</span> Bahkan jika komputer jaringan secara fisik ditempatkan dalam susunan linier dan terhubung ke sebuah hub, jaringan memiliki topologi star, daripada topologi bus.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In this regard the visual and operational characteristics of a network are distinct.</span> Dalam hal ini karakteristik visual dan operasional jaringan yang berbeda.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Networks may be classified based on the method of data used to convey the data, these include digital and analog networks.</span> Jaringan dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan metode data yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan data, ini termasuk jaringan digital dan analog. </span></li>
</ul><h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)">Topologi jaringan</span></h1><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><b>Topologi jaringan</b> adalah pola tata letak interkoneksi dari berbagai elemen ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjMdO45jDzKhB_uQIgw0cjIQ5vwWg" title="Data link">link</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_%28networking%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgowh03jXlc6BWAknc-rQnOgrdDqw" title="Node (networking)">node</a> , dll) dari sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew" title="Jaringan komputer">jaringan komputer</a> . <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0puj2i8FRt-C-ahuTjhtHcu5iCQ#cite_note-Groth-0"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Groth_0-0">[1]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0puj2i8FRt-C-ahuTjhtHcu5iCQ#cite_note-atis-1"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-atis_1-0">[2]</sup></a></span> Jaringan mungkin topologi fisik atau logis.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Physical <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiO5zNUUOgSLbUJPd0JZly9T9NjsQ" title="Topologi">topology</a> means the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_topology&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhFiLgF5ey9QCTFR1M6_i2wyltaJw" title="Logical topologi">Logical topology</a> refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design.</span> Fisik <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiO5zNUUOgSLbUJPd0JZly9T9NjsQ" title="Topologi">topologi</a> berarti desain fisik dari sebuah jaringan termasuk lokasi, perangkat dan instalasi kabel. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_topology&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhFiLgF5ey9QCTFR1M6_i2wyltaJw" title="Logical topologi">topologi logis</a> mengacu pada bagaimana data sebenarnya ditransfer dalam jaringan sebagai lawan dari rancangan fisik.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Topology can be considered as a virtual shape or structure of a network.</span> Topologi dapat dianggap sebagai bentuk virtual atau struktur dari jaringan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This shape does not correspond to the actual physical design of the devices on the computer network.</span> Bentuk ini tidak sesuai dengan desain fisik yang sebenarnya dari perangkat pada jaringan komputer.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The computers on a home network can be arranged in a circle but it does not necessarily mean that it represents a ring topology.</span> Komputer pada jaringan rumah dapat diatur dalam lingkaran tetapi tidak berarti bahwa itu merupakan topologi ring.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Any particular network topology is determined only by the graphical mapping of the configuration of physical and/or logical connections between nodes.</span> Setiap topologi jaringan tertentu ditentukan hanya dengan pemetaan grafis dari konfigurasi koneksi fisik dan / atau logis antara node.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The study of network topology uses <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6G7Z7cqYfzNWkZg2FXM-Tr-JD2A" title="Teori graf">graph theory</a> .</span> Studi tentang topologi jaringan menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6G7Z7cqYfzNWkZg2FXM-Tr-JD2A" title="Teori graf">teori graph</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Distances between nodes, physical interconnections, transmission rates, and/or signal types may differ in two networks and yet their topologies may be identical.</span> Jarak antara node, interkoneksi fisik, laju transmisi, dan / atau jenis sinyal mungkin berbeda dalam dua jaringan dan belum topologi mereka mungkin identik.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjbU6qHrQkKXxj1UARn_fYV63Hxrw" title="Jaringan area lokal">local area network</a> (LAN) is one example of a network that exhibits both a physical topology and a logical topology.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjbU6qHrQkKXxj1UARn_fYV63Hxrw" title="Jaringan area lokal">jaringan area lokal</a> (LAN) adalah salah satu contoh jaringan yang baik menunjukkan topologi fisik dan topologi logis.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Any given node in the LAN has one or more links to one or more nodes in the network and the mapping of these links and nodes in a graph results in a geometric shape that may be used to describe the physical topology of the network.</span> Setiap simpul yang diberikan dalam LAN memiliki satu atau lebih link ke node satu atau lebih dalam jaringan dan pemetaan dari link dan node dalam sebuah hasil grafik dalam bentuk geometris yang dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan topologi fisik jaringan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Likewise, the mapping of the data flow between the nodes in the network determines the logical topology of the network.</span> Demikian pula, pemetaan aliran data antara node dalam jaringan menentukan topologi logis dari jaringan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The physical and logical topologies may or may not be identical in any particular network.</span> Topologi fisik dan logis mungkin atau mungkin tidak identik dalam jaringan tertentu.</span><br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Types_of_networks_based_on_physical_scope">Jenis-jenis jaringan berdasarkan ruang lingkup fisik</span></span> </h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Common types of computer networks may be identified by their scale.</span> Jenis-jenis jaringan komputer dapat diidentifikasi dengan skala mereka.</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Local_area_network">jaringan area lokal</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjbU6qHrQkKXxj1UARn_fYV63Hxrw" title="Jaringan area lokal">local area network</a> (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjbU6qHrQkKXxj1UARn_fYV63Hxrw" title="Jaringan area lokal">jaringan area lokal</a> (LAN) adalah jaringan yang menghubungkan komputer dan perangkat di wilayah geografis terbatas seperti rumah, sekolah, laboratorium komputer, gedung perkantoran, atau kelompok diposisikan dekat gedung.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Each computer or device on the network is a node.</span> Setiap komputer atau perangkat pada jaringan adalah node.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Current wired LANs are most likely to be based on <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgBe2lIeMT6VfI-xWWBggQf7w9NkQ" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> technology, although new standards like <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhIP8x_M-PskdGbC8uvhNxWgP02aw" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.hn&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgTDrc4g_5U6nELtbPvkVrhe0Fopg" title="G.hn">G.hn</a> also provide a way to create a wired LAN using existing home wires (coaxial cables, phone lines and power lines). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-1"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><span>[</span> 2 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Kabel LAN saat ini kemungkinan besar didasarkan pada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgBe2lIeMT6VfI-xWWBggQf7w9NkQ" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> teknologi, meskipun baru standar seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhIP8x_M-PskdGbC8uvhNxWgP02aw" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.hn&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgTDrc4g_5U6nELtbPvkVrhe0Fopg" title="G.hn">G.hn</a> juga menyediakan cara untuk membuat LAN dengan kabel menggunakan kabel rumah yang ada (kabel koaksial, saluran telepon dan kabel listrik). <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-1"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1">[2]</sup></a></span></span> <br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <a class="image" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NETWORK-Library-LAN.png&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlRfHQ7SARJYSiGFT665ue9m7_8w"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="164" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/NETWORK-Library-LAN.png/220px-NETWORK-Library-LAN.png" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a class="internal" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NETWORK-Library-LAN.png&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlRfHQ7SARJYSiGFT665ue9m7_8w" title="Memperbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Typical library network, in a branching tree topology and controlled access to resources</span> jaringan perpustakaan umum, dalam topologi pohon bercabang dan akses ke sumber daya dikendalikan</span> </div></div></div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">All interconnected devices must understand the network layer (layer 3), because they are handling multiple subnets (the different colors).</span> Semua perangkat saling berhubungan harus memahami network layer (lapisan 3), karena mereka menangani beberapa subnet (warna yang berbeda).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Those inside the library, which have only 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet connections to the user device and a Gigabit Ethernet connection to the central router, could be called "layer 3 switches" because they only have Ethernet interfaces and must understand <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjt4swKPEf6wRfvhlIvu1zX8_OtoA" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a> .</span> Mereka di dalam perpustakaan, yang hanya 10/100 Mbit / s koneksi Ethernet ke perangkat pengguna dan koneksi Gigabit Ethernet ke router pusat, bisa disebut "lapisan 3 tombol" karena mereka hanya memiliki antarmuka Ethernet dan harus memahami <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjt4swKPEf6wRfvhlIvu1zX8_OtoA" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It would be more correct to call them access routers, where the router at the top is a distribution router that connects to the Internet and academic networks' customer access routers.</span> Akan lebih tepat untuk menyebut mereka akses router, mana router di atas adalah distribusi router yang terhubung ke internet dan jaringan akademis 'pelanggan router akses.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to WANs (Wide Area Networks), include their higher data transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and no need for leased telecommunication lines.</span> Karakteristik mendefinisikan LAN, berbeda dengan WAN (Wide Area Network), meliputi tingkat yang lebih tinggi transfer data, jangkauan geografis yang lebih kecil, dan tidak perlu sewa jaringan telekomunikasi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Current Ethernet or other <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.3&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-WFjxrF49AGzOcPvH1kA9REvuzA" title="IEEE 802.3">IEEE 802.3</a> LAN technologies operate at speeds up to 10 Gbit/s.</span> Ethernet sekarang atau lainnya <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.3&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-WFjxrF49AGzOcPvH1kA9REvuzA" title="IEEE 802.3">IEEE 802.3</a> teknologi LAN beroperasi pada kecepatan sampai dengan 10 Gbit / s.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This is the data transfer rate. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhdRXcQhL1oKSrhI12FIQx8a4C-vQ" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> has projects investigating the standardization of 40 and 100 Gbit/s. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-2"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><span>[</span> 3 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Ini adalah kecepatan transfer data. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhdRXcQhL1oKSrhI12FIQx8a4C-vQ" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> memiliki proyek menyelidiki standarisasi 40 dan 100 Gb / s.</span><br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_area_network">jaringan area Pribadi</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipF2rljo_ADK05S7GmKRj7DKwr3Q" title="Personal area network">personal area network</a> (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer and different information technological devices close to one person.</span> A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipF2rljo_ADK05S7GmKRj7DKwr3Q" title="Personal area network">personal area network</a> (PAN) adalah jaringan komputer yang digunakan untuk komunikasi antara yang berbeda informasi teknologi dan perangkat komputer dekat dengan satu orang.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Some examples of devices that are used in a PAN are personal computers, printers, fax machines, telephones, PDAs, scanners, and even video game consoles.</span> Beberapa contoh perangkat yang digunakan dalam PAN adalah komputer pribadi, printer, mesin fax, telepon, PDA, scanner, dan bahkan video game konsol.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A PAN may include wired and wireless devices.</span> Sebuah PAN mungkin termasuk kabel dan nirkabel perangkat.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The reach of a PAN typically extends to 10 meters. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-3"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><span>[</span> 4 <span>]</span></sup></a> A wired PAN is usually constructed with USB and Firewire connections while technologies such as Bluetooth and infrared communication typically form a wireless PAN.</span> Jangkauan dari PAN biasanya meluas hingga 10 meter. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-3"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><span>[4]</span></sup></a> Sebuah PAN kabel biasanya dibangun dengan koneksi USB dan Firewire sementara teknologi seperti Bluetooth dan inframerah komunikasi biasanya membentuk PAN nirkabel.</span> <br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Home_area_network">jaringan area Home</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjkuDacp26lEkt2iAyozEYS8AhOwA" title="Home area network">home area network</a> (HAN) is a residential LAN which is used for communication between digital devices typically deployed in the home, usually a small number of personal computers and accessories, such as printers and mobile computing devices.</span> Sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjkuDacp26lEkt2iAyozEYS8AhOwA" title="Home area network">wilayah jaringan asal</a> (HAN) merupakan LAN hunian yang digunakan untuk komunikasi antara perangkat digital biasanya ditempatkan di rumah, biasanya sejumlah kecil komputer pribadi dan aksesoris, seperti printer dan perangkat komputasi mobile.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">An important function is the sharing of Internet access, often a broadband service through a CATV or <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Subscriber_Line&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhglI7CP42UE0xqCXMO9qutBwdvnog" title="Digital Subscriber Line">Digital Subscriber Line</a> (DSL) provider.</span> Fungsi penting adalah berbagi akses Internet, seringkali layanan broadband melalui CATV atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Subscriber_Line&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhglI7CP42UE0xqCXMO9qutBwdvnog" title="Digital Subscriber Line">Digital Subscriber Line</a> (DSL) operator.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It can also be referred as an office area network (OAN).</span> Hal ini juga bisa disebut sebagai jaringan area kantor (OAN).</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Wide_area_network">Wide area network</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihWQg0A3I0_WbdOIJI40_XaAebXw" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN) is a computer network that covers a large geographic area such as a city, country, or spans even intercontinental distances, using a communications channel that combines many types of media such as telephone lines, cables, and air waves.</span> A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihWQg0A3I0_WbdOIJI40_XaAebXw" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN) adalah jaringan komputer yang mencakup area geografis yang luas seperti negara, kota, atau bahkan rentang jarak antar benua, dengan menggunakan saluran komunikasi yang menggabungkan berbagai jenis media seperti saluran telepon, kabel, dan gelombang udara .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A WAN often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies.</span> Sebuah WAN sering menggunakan fasilitas transmisi yang disediakan oleh operator umum, seperti perusahaan telepon.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">WAN technologies generally function at the lower three layers of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhizeqVeUzLJbC0JuVow-1Z2xWrbKQ" title="Model OSI">OSI reference model</a> : the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhit4gIjWgPUYHVkKQ6ZN1-kiESR_A" title="Lapisan fisik">physical layer</a> , the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link_layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjc2iWIkseo2YfXcbldsIHYVLnsvQ" title="Data link layer">data link layer</a> , and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgfkjFZtgYHnfapNydCZC9ZMlyBxg" title="Jaringan lapisan">network layer</a> .</span> teknologi WAN umumnya fungsi di lapisan bawah tiga dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhizeqVeUzLJbC0JuVow-1Z2xWrbKQ" title="Model OSI">model referensi OSI</a> yaitu <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhit4gIjWgPUYHVkKQ6ZN1-kiESR_A" title="Lapisan fisik">lapisan fisik</a> , yang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link_layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjc2iWIkseo2YfXcbldsIHYVLnsvQ" title="Data link layer">lapisan data link</a> , dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgfkjFZtgYHnfapNydCZC9ZMlyBxg" title="Jaringan lapisan">lapisan jaringan</a> .</span> <br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Campus_network">jaringan Kampus</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg7Qb4khKablvj31CkwnZRnM30KTg" title="Kampus jaringan">campus network</a> is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LAN's) within a limited geographical area.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg7Qb4khKablvj31CkwnZRnM30KTg" title="Kampus jaringan">jaringan kampus</a> adalah jaringan komputer terdiri dari interkoneksi jaringan area lokal (LAN) dalam wilayah geografis yang terbatas.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The networking equipments (switches, routers) and transmission media (optical fiber, copper plant, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_5_cable&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgI1du3KYvhK3Q1lr-Hlnhpt7PPCw" title="Kategori 5 kabel">Cat5</a> cabling etc.) are almost entirely owned (by the campus tenant / owner: an enterprise, university, government etc.).</span> peralatan jaringan itu (switch, router) dan media transmisi (serat optik, tanaman tembaga, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_5_cable&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgI1du3KYvhK3Q1lr-Hlnhpt7PPCw" title="Kategori 5 kabel">Cat5</a> kabel dll) yang hampir seluruhnya dimiliki (oleh penyewa kampus / pemilik: perusahaan, universitas, pemerintah dll).</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In the case of a university campus-based campus network, the network is likely to link a variety of campus buildings including; academic departments, the university library and student residence halls.</span> Dalam kasus jaringan kampus kampus universitas berbasis jaringan kemungkinan untuk menghubungkan berbagai bangunan kampus termasuk; departemen akademik, perpustakaan universitas dan ruang tempat tinggal siswa.</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Metropolitan_area_network">j</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Metropolitan_area_network">aringan area Metropolitan</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZGBB0GcP4fB5AptDryh9qvqHOWQ" title="Metropolitan area network">Metropolitan area network</a> is a large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus.</span> A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZGBB0GcP4fB5AptDryh9qvqHOWQ" title="Metropolitan area network">Metropolitan Area Network</a> adalah jaringan komputer besar yang biasanya mencakup sebuah kota atau kampus besar.</span> <br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Enterprise_private_network">swasta jaringan Enterprise</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">An <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_private_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgeakhbHieWgCLDMFiD0ak861uBA" title="Perusahaan swasta jaringan">enterprise private network</a> is a network build by an enterprise to interconnect various company sites, eg, production sites, head offices, remote offices, shops, in order to share computer resources.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_private_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgeakhbHieWgCLDMFiD0ak861uBA" title="Perusahaan swasta jaringan">jaringan perusahaan swasta</a> adalah jaringan dibangun oleh perusahaan untuk interkoneksi situs berbagai perusahaan, misalnya, lokasi produksi, kantor pusat, kantor terpencil, toko, dalam rangka berbagi sumber daya komputer.</span><br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Virtual_private_network">wasta jaringan Virtual</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhirb5x-ZNeInG3lehADSHrwGtjo4g" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> (VPN) is a computer network in which some of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger network (eg, the Internet) instead of by physical wires.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhirb5x-ZNeInG3lehADSHrwGtjo4g" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> (VPN) adalah jaringan komputer di mana beberapa link antara node yang dibawa oleh sambungan terbuka atau sirkuit virtual dalam beberapa jaringan yang lebih besar (misalnya, Internet), bukan oleh kawat fisik.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The data link layer protocols of the virtual network are said to be tunneled through the larger network when this is the case.</span> Protokol layer komunikasi data dari jaringan virtual dikatakan terowongan melalui jaringan yang lebih besar ketika hal ini terjadi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">One common application is secure communications through the public Internet, but a VPN need not have explicit security features, such as authentication or content encryption.</span> Salah satu aplikasi umum adalah komunikasi yang aman melalui Internet publik, tetapi VPN tidak perlu memiliki fitur keamanan eksplisit, seperti otentikasi atau enkripsi konten.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">VPNs, for example, can be used to separate the traffic of different user communities over an underlying network with strong security features.</span> VPN, misalnya, dapat digunakan untuk memisahkan lalu lintas masyarakat pengguna yang berbeda melalui jaringan yang mendasarinya dengan fitur keamanan yang kuat.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">VPN may have best-effort performance, or may have a defined service level agreement (SLA) between the VPN customer and the VPN service provider.</span> VPN mungkin memiliki kinerja terbaik-usaha, atau mungkin memiliki tingkat perjanjian layanan didefinisikan (SLA) antara pelanggan VPN dan penyedia layanan VPN.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Generally, a VPN has a topology more complex than point-to-point.</span> Umumnya, VPN memiliki topologi lebih kompleks daripada point-to-point.</span><br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Internetwork">Internetwork</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">An <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetwork&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiX-xPJ1NR7qpxOXOrULT_zAfIe4g" title="Internetwork">internetwork</a> is the connection of two or more private computer networks via a common routing technology (OSI <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgnFxYEIOQM5AfPt8ipVh23-Z2oYg" title="Network Layer">Layer 3</a> ) using routers.</span> Sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetwork&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiX-xPJ1NR7qpxOXOrULT_zAfIe4g" title="Internetwork">internetwork</a> adalah sambungan dari dua atau lebih jaringan komputer swasta melalui teknologi routing yang umum (OSI <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgnFxYEIOQM5AfPt8ipVh23-Z2oYg" title="Network Layer">Layer 3</a> ) router menggunakan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Internet is an aggregation of many internetworks, hence its name was shortened to Internet.</span> Internet adalah agregasi internetworks banyak, maka namanya disingkat ke Internet.</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Backbone_network">jaringan Backbone</span></span></h3><h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Global_Area_Network">Global Area Network</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Area_Network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjmaMl6kwmv1eIzzCG8c6F1HMvfKg" title="Global Area Network">Global Area Network</a> (GAN) is a network used for supporting mobile communications across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc. The key challenge in mobile communications is handing off the user communications from one local coverage area to the next.</span> Sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Area_Network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjmaMl6kwmv1eIzzCG8c6F1HMvfKg" title="Global Area Network">Global Area Network</a> (GAN) adalah jaringan yang digunakan untuk mendukung komunikasi mobile di seluruh jumlah yang sewenang-wenang LAN nirkabel, satelit area cakupan, dll Tantangan kunci dalam komunikasi mobile menyerahkan off komunikasi pengguna dari satu daerah cakupan lokal ke depan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In IEEE Project 802, this involves a succession of terrestrial <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgv0wQKdFE9GV2HtY1AaFuzq2w2bQ" title="Wireless LAN">wireless LANs</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-4"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><span>[</span> 5 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Dalam Proyek IEEE 802, ini melibatkan suksesi terestrial <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgv0wQKdFE9GV2HtY1AaFuzq2w2bQ" title="Wireless LAN">LAN nirkabel</a> . </span><br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Internet">Internet</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6g5wcYdk_u-k7EVoJHKG94HylXQ" title="Internet">Internet</a> is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private computer networks.</span> The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6g5wcYdk_u-k7EVoJHKG94HylXQ" title="Internet">Internet</a> adalah sebuah sistem global yang saling berhubungan akademik, perusahaan, masyarakat, dan swasta komputer jaringan, pemerintah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is based on the networking technologies of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi7y_X9wRVDJxw7AD_DM9CuT64pUA" title="Internet Protocol Suite">Internet Protocol Suite</a> .</span> Hal ini didasarkan pada teknologi jaringan dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi7y_X9wRVDJxw7AD_DM9CuT64pUA" title="Internet Protocol Suite">Internet Protocol Suite</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is the successor of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg2L_3u_Hv_CwToPFasevr2jmjhrw" title="ARPANET">Advanced Research Projects Agency Network</a> (ARPANET) developed by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj8k5Yp5z35t7Sd796rmqAANYPMzQ" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">DARPA</a> of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgXBhW-FxSKDD3onY6t3JzskTN5-g" title="Amerika Serikat Departemen Pertahanan">United States Department of Defense</a> .</span> Ini adalah penerus dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg2L_3u_Hv_CwToPFasevr2jmjhrw" title="ARPANET">Advanced Research Projects Agency Network</a> (ARPANET) yang dikembangkan oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj8k5Yp5z35t7Sd796rmqAANYPMzQ" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">DARPA</a> di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgXBhW-FxSKDD3onY6t3JzskTN5-g" title="Amerika Serikat Departemen Pertahanan">Amerika Serikat Departemen Pertahanan</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Internet is also the communications backbone underlying the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhghsrIGgybaSHrRP7lOlDgovMR__A" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> (WWW).</span> Internet adalah juga tulang punggung komunikasi yang mendasari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhghsrIGgybaSHrRP7lOlDgovMR__A" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> (WWW).</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Participants in the Internet use a diverse array of methods of several hundred documented, and often standardized, protocols compatible with the Internet Protocol Suite and an addressing system ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh3Lsm-8F4awES1ggB0Mtt58oC_BA" title="Alamat IP">IP addresses</a> ) administered by the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0cWB83DjNYOGEO334ZOk6A8gzQA" title="Internet Ditugaskan Otoritas Numbers">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Internet_Registry&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhisuUVNhyoJywxZhSFqj1qC7LRSSg" title="Regional Internet Registry">address registries</a> .</span> Peserta di Internet menggunakan beragam metode beberapa ratus terdokumentasi, dan sering standar, protokol yang kompatibel dengan Internet Protocol Suite dan sistem pengalamatan ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh3Lsm-8F4awES1ggB0Mtt58oC_BA" title="Alamat IP">IP address</a> ) yang dikelola oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0cWB83DjNYOGEO334ZOk6A8gzQA" title="Internet Ditugaskan Otoritas Numbers">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Internet_Registry&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhisuUVNhyoJywxZhSFqj1qC7LRSSg" title="Regional Internet Registry">alamat pendaftar</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Service providers and large enterprises exchange information about the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjqeCL1Kiroy6qOJPru7Y-1kVNQaA" title="Rute">reachability</a> of their address spaces through the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjedVsO08ukmn7bckBE1Z08F86kkQ" title="Border Gateway Protocol">Border Gateway Protocol</a> (BGP), forming a redundant worldwide mesh of transmission paths.</span> Penyedia layanan dan besar usaha bertukar informasi tentang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjqeCL1Kiroy6qOJPru7Y-1kVNQaA" title="Rute">reachability</a> ruang alamat mereka melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjedVsO08ukmn7bckBE1Z08F86kkQ" title="Border Gateway Protocol">Border Gateway Protocol</a> (BGP), membentuk mesh seluruh dunia berlebihan jalur transmisi.</span> <br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Intranets_and_extranets">Intranet dan extranet</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Intranets and extranets are parts or extensions of a computer network, usually a local area network.</span> Intranet dan extranet merupakan bagian atau perpanjangan jaringan komputer, biasanya suatu jaringan area lokal.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">An <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiAVMYUtgSNu8q4eATaE-T16QiKzA" title="Intranet">intranet</a> is a set of networks, using the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjt4swKPEf6wRfvhlIvu1zX8_OtoA" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> and IP-based tools such as web browsers and file transfer applications, that is under the control of a single administrative entity.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiAVMYUtgSNu8q4eATaE-T16QiKzA" title="Intranet">intranet</a> adalah satu set jaringan, menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjt4swKPEf6wRfvhlIvu1zX8_OtoA" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> dan alat berbasis IP seperti browser web dan aplikasi transfer file, yang berada di bawah kontrol suatu entitas administrasi tunggal.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">That administrative entity closes the intranet to all but specific, authorized users.</span> Entitas administratif menutup intranet untuk semua tapi yang spesifik, pengguna resmi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Most commonly, an intranet is the internal network of an organization.</span> Umumnya, sebuah intranet adalah jaringan internal organisasi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A large intranet will typically have at least one web server to provide users with organizational information.</span> Sebuah intranet besar biasanya akan memiliki setidaknya satu web server untuk menyediakan pengguna dengan informasi organisasi.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">An <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extranet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdaTetAOwoShyUxaKoBS6Uk7QXiQ" title="Extranet">extranet</a> is a network that is limited in scope to a single organization or entity and also has limited connections to the networks of one or more other usually, but not necessarily, trusted organizations or entities—a company's customers may be given access to some part of its intranet—while at the same time the customers may not be considered <i>trusted</i> from a security standpoint.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extranet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdaTetAOwoShyUxaKoBS6Uk7QXiQ" title="Extranet">extranet</a> adalah jaringan yang dibatasi dalam ruang lingkup satu organisasi atau entitas dan juga telah membatasi koneksi ke jaringan dari satu atau lebih lainnya biasanya, tetapi tidak harus, terpercaya organisasi atau badan-perusahaan pelanggan dapat diberikan akses ke beberapa bagian sedangkan-nya intranet pada saat yang sama para pelanggan tidak dapat dianggap <i>dipercaya</i> dari sudut pandang keamanan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Technically, an extranet may also be categorized as a CAN, MAN, WAN, or other type of network, although an extranet cannot consist of a single LAN; it must have at least one connection with an external network.</span> Secara teknis, extranet juga dapat dikategorikan sebagai tipe BISA, MAN, WAN, atau jaringan, meskipun extranet tidak dapat terdiri dari sebuah LAN tunggal; harus memiliki minimal satu koneksi dengan jaringan eksternal.</span> <br />
<h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Overlay_network">jaringan Tampilan</span></span> </h4><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">An <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlay_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiYCiooz61r-BpE-uqyndcfn4Q77A" title="Overlay jaringan">overlay network</a> is a virtual computer network that is built on top of another network.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlay_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiYCiooz61r-BpE-uqyndcfn4Q77A" title="Overlay jaringan">jaringan overlay</a> adalah jaringan komputer virtual yang dibangun di atas jaringan lain.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Nodes in the overlay are connected by virtual or logical links, each of which corresponds to a path, perhaps through many physical links, in the underlying network.</span> Node dalam overlay dihubungkan dengan link virtual atau logis, yang masing-masing sesuai dengan jalan, mungkin melalui link fisik banyak, dalam jaringan yang mendasarinya.</span> <br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 332px;"> <a class="image" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Network_Overlay.svg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjErFu3Gbae4zhoiGduGjT25AgJXg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="233" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Network_Overlay.svg/330px-Network_Overlay.svg.png" width="330" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a class="internal" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Network_Overlay.svg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjErFu3Gbae4zhoiGduGjT25AgJXg" title="Memperbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A sample overlay network: IP over SONET over Optical</span> Sebuah overlay sampel jaringan: IP over SONET atas Optik</span> </div></div></div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For example, many <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFHVV2ysvHjGCPjxRgMHActinpRA" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> networks are overlay networks because they are organized as nodes of a virtual system of links run on top of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6g5wcYdk_u-k7EVoJHKG94HylXQ" title="Internet">Internet</a> .</span> Sebagai contoh, banyak <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFHVV2ysvHjGCPjxRgMHActinpRA" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> network adalah jaringan overlay karena mereka diatur sebagai node dari suatu sistem virtual link berjalan di atas <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6g5wcYdk_u-k7EVoJHKG94HylXQ" title="Internet">internet</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Internet was initially built as an overlay on the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgF64VC5odJMIriBpdpjjHO4AJNw" title="Jaringan telepon">telephone network</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-5"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><span>[</span> 6 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Internet awalnya dibangun sebagai sebuah overlay pada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgF64VC5odJMIriBpdpjjHO4AJNw" title="Jaringan telepon">jaringan telepon</a> . <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-5"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5">[6]</sup></a></span></span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Overlay networks have been around since the invention of networking when computer systems were connected over telephone lines using <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiIgDkfxV795Htr9RZkC8UY5D8Xcg" title="Modem">modem</a> , before any data network existed.</span> Hamparan jaringan telah ada sejak penemuan jaringan ketika sistem komputer tersebut dihubungkan melalui saluran telepon dengan menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiIgDkfxV795Htr9RZkC8UY5D8Xcg" title="Modem">modem</a> , sebelum jaringan data yang ada.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Nowadays the Internet is the basis for many overlaid networks that can be constructed to permit <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjqeCL1Kiroy6qOJPru7Y-1kVNQaA" title="Rute">routing</a> of messages to destinations specified by an <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh3Lsm-8F4awES1ggB0Mtt58oC_BA" title="Alamat IP">IP address</a> .</span> Saat ini Internet merupakan dasar untuk jaringan overlay banyak yang bisa dibangun untuk memungkinkan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjqeCL1Kiroy6qOJPru7Y-1kVNQaA" title="Rute">routing</a> pesan ke tempat tujuan yang ditentukan oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh3Lsm-8F4awES1ggB0Mtt58oC_BA" title="Alamat IP">alamat IP</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For example, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgan_RFEBBb6LXEu1qDg5SxjrXLHQ" title="Distributed hash table">distributed hash tables</a> can be used to route messages to a node having a specific <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdkf8_QFujFaPwH3jGK7jjR7WJ_Q" title="Alamat Logis">logical address</a> , whose IP address is known in advance.</span> Misalnya, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgan_RFEBBb6LXEu1qDg5SxjrXLHQ" title="Distributed hash table">tabel hash terdistribusi</a> dapat digunakan untuk pesan rute ke sebuah node memiliki spesifik <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdkf8_QFujFaPwH3jGK7jjR7WJ_Q" title="Alamat Logis">alamat logis</a> , alamat IP yang dikenal di muka.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Overlay networks have also been proposed as a way to improve Internet routing, such as through <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg439OIwTd1TtRxyR0moUvifHjk9Q" title="Kualitas layanan">quality of service</a> guarantees to achieve higher-quality <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTqf3SZ_XraJO9pZpQfig69WK0bA" title="Media streaming">streaming media</a> .</span> Hamparan jaringan juga telah diusulkan sebagai cara untuk meningkatkan Internet routing, seperti melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg439OIwTd1TtRxyR0moUvifHjk9Q" title="Kualitas layanan">kualitas pelayanan</a> jaminan untuk mencapai berkualitas tinggi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTqf3SZ_XraJO9pZpQfig69WK0bA" title="Media streaming">media streaming</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Previous proposals such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IntServ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhilKyYKi0JqK1jHQGJUxW8K8uYFLA" title="IntServ">IntServ</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiffServ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj3WMooVfQeaXK2pzVKsyKwEESAuw" title="DiffServ">DiffServ</a> , and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multicast&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhzar6BeSClIowQwMNvBpS9YplPaw" title="IP Multicast">IP Multicast</a> have not seen wide acceptance largely because they require modification of all <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi21faPIzBwt9uRAhhIMWLzU_bNRw" title="Router">routers</a> in the network. <sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Klaim ini perlu referensi ke sumber terpercaya dari Agustus 2010">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh0FMIfBfTygwmHmYqpf3zKtOHkRw" title="Wikipedia: Citation diperlukan"><i>citation needed</i></a> ]</sup> On the other hand, an overlay network can be incrementally deployed on end-hosts running the overlay protocol software, without cooperation from <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_provider&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgCk45LFAxQz8FCYFgZc0Lm6s6zqA" title="Penyedia layanan Internet">Internet service providers</a> .</span> proposal sebelumnya seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IntServ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhilKyYKi0JqK1jHQGJUxW8K8uYFLA" title="IntServ">IntServ</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiffServ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj3WMooVfQeaXK2pzVKsyKwEESAuw" title="DiffServ">DiffServ</a> , dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multicast&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhzar6BeSClIowQwMNvBpS9YplPaw" title="IP Multicast">IP Multicast</a> belum melihat penerimaan luas terutama karena mereka membutuhkan modifikasi dari semua <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi21faPIzBwt9uRAhhIMWLzU_bNRw" title="Router">router</a> di jaringan. <sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Klaim ini perlu referensi ke sumber terpercaya dari Agustus 2010">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh0FMIfBfTygwmHmYqpf3zKtOHkRw" title="Wikipedia: Citation diperlukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a> ]</sup> Di sisi lain, jaringan overlay dapat secara bertahap digunakan pada akhir-host menjalankan overlay protokol perangkat lunak, tanpa kerjasama dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_provider&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgCk45LFAxQz8FCYFgZc0Lm6s6zqA" title="Penyedia layanan Internet">penyedia layanan internet</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The overlay has no control over how packets are routed in the underlying network between two overlay nodes, but it can control, for example, the sequence of overlay nodes a message traverses before reaching its destination.</span> overlay tidak memiliki kontrol atas bagaimana paket yang diarahkan dalam jaringan yang mendasarinya antara dua node overlay, tapi dapat mengontrol, misalnya, urutan node overlay pesan melintasi sebelum mencapai tujuan.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For example, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akamai_Technologies&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjaAaZ14zaVBawiWDSsyq1gynLtfg" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai Technologies</a> manages an overlay network that provides reliable, efficient content delivery (a kind of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgTFGu17T3KYt_xOf87LEz2H781A" title="Multicast">multicast</a> ).</span> Sebagai contoh, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akamai_Technologies&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjaAaZ14zaVBawiWDSsyq1gynLtfg" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai Technologies</a> mengelola sebuah jaringan overlay yang menyediakan handal, pengiriman konten efisien (semacam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgTFGu17T3KYt_xOf87LEz2H781A" title="Multicast">multicast</a> ).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Academic research includes <a class="external text" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://esm.cs.cmu.edu/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiaYu9kjnpB95bWCvLIUKloOGUZUA" rel="nofollow">End System Multicast</a> and Overcast for multicast; RON ( <a class="new" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DResilient_Overlay_Network%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhm9bqS5xNBITyxQ0z_1hUKgy8INQ" title="Tampilan ulet Jaringan (halaman tidak ada)">Resilient Overlay Network</a> ) for resilient routing; and OverQoS for quality of service guarantees, among others.</span> Akademik penelitian mencakup <a class="external text" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://esm.cs.cmu.edu/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiaYu9kjnpB95bWCvLIUKloOGUZUA" rel="nofollow">Akhir Sistem Multicast</a> dan Mendung untuk multicast; RON ( <a class="new" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DResilient_Overlay_Network%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhm9bqS5xNBITyxQ0z_1hUKgy8INQ" title="Tampilan ulet Jaringan (halaman tidak ada)">Resilient Tampilan Network</a> ) untuk routing tangguh, dan OverQoS untuk jaminan kualitas layanan, antara lain.</span> <br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Basic_hardware_components">hardware komponen Dasar</span></span> </h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">All networks are made up of basic hardware building blocks to interconnect network <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_%28networking%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgowh03jXlc6BWAknc-rQnOgrdDqw" title="Node (networking)">nodes</a> , such as Network Interface Cards (NICs), Bridges, Hubs, Switches, and Routers.</span> Semua jaringan terdiri dari blok bangunan perangkat keras dasar untuk interkoneksi jaringan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_%28networking%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgowh03jXlc6BWAknc-rQnOgrdDqw" title="Node (networking)">node</a> , seperti Network Interface Cards (NIC), Jembatan, Hub, Switch, dan Router.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In addition, some method of connecting these building blocks is required, usually in the form of galvanic cable (most commonly <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_5_cable&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgI1du3KYvhK3Q1lr-Hlnhpt7PPCw" title="Kategori 5 kabel">Category 5 cable</a> ).</span> Selain itu, beberapa metode menghubungkan blok-blok bangunan yang diperlukan, biasanya dalam bentuk kabel galvanik (paling sering <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_5_cable&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgI1du3KYvhK3Q1lr-Hlnhpt7PPCw" title="Kategori 5 kabel">Kategori 5 kabel</a> ).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Less common are microwave links (as in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.12&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgzLJ1Q2qPfFAnXm3fHmHdWJjK0oA" title="IEEE 802,12">IEEE 802.12</a> ) or optical cable (" <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhggWfTxFoSWfEmA0JWDWDZzgUa5Rg" title="Serat optik">optical fiber</a> ").</span> Kurang umum adalah microwave link (seperti dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.12&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgzLJ1Q2qPfFAnXm3fHmHdWJjK0oA" title="IEEE 802,12">IEEE 802,12</a> ) atau kabel optik (" <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhggWfTxFoSWfEmA0JWDWDZzgUa5Rg" title="Serat optik">serat optik</a> ").</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Network_interface_cards">Jaringan antarmuka kartu</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_card&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgsw3SHn_1b09cZRRL_8MmX67w0Tg" title="Kartu jaringan">network card</a> , network adapter, or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjVhyTpgJjxrwqbUOKZKdBsKqBGWg" title="Perangkat keras komputer">computer hardware</a> designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network.</span> Sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_card&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgsw3SHn_1b09cZRRL_8MmX67w0Tg" title="Kartu jaringan">kartu jaringan</a> , adaptor jaringan, atau NIC (network interface card) adalah bagian dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjVhyTpgJjxrwqbUOKZKdBsKqBGWg" title="Perangkat keras komputer">perangkat keras komputer</a> yang dirancang untuk memungkinkan komputer untuk berkomunikasi melalui jaringan komputer.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It provides physical access to a networking medium and often provides a low-level addressing system through the use of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj03PJkxWrUMmt5J8YRAkFA5eDS9A" title="MAC address">MAC addresses</a> .</span> Menyediakan akses fisik ke media jaringan dan sering menyediakan tingkat-rendah menangani sistem melalui penggunaan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj03PJkxWrUMmt5J8YRAkFA5eDS9A" title="MAC address">alamat MAC</a> .</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Repeaters">Mengulang</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxxdFpD0EAUHF3iWv18P3kyP-psQ" title="Pengulang">repeater</a> is an <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiMu3NB0J7VxTjZV7L6vQfihKxk3A" title="Elektronik">electronic</a> device that receives a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_%28information_theory%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgBfF8XG8NVkBesRIfZjBy6cKAYg" title="Sinyal (teori informasi)">signal</a> , cleans it of unnecessary noise, regenerates it, and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retransmission_%28data_networks%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgUQutCrvpxEOidRkw4pqMEP9jUcw" title="Retransmission (jaringan data)">retransmits</a> it at a higher power level, or to the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxxdFpD0EAUHF3iWv18P3kyP-psQ" title="Pengulang">repeater</a> adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiMu3NB0J7VxTjZV7L6vQfihKxk3A" title="Elektronik">elektronik</a> perangkat yang menerima <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_%28information_theory%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgBfF8XG8NVkBesRIfZjBy6cKAYg" title="Sinyal (teori informasi)">sinyal</a> , membersihkannya kebisingan yang tidak perlu, memperbaharui, dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retransmission_%28data_networks%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgUQutCrvpxEOidRkw4pqMEP9jUcw" title="Retransmission (jaringan data)">mentransmisikan kembali</a> itu pada tingkat daya yang lebih tinggi, atau ke sisi lain dari suatu halangan, sehingga sinyal dapat menutupi jarak yang lebih jauh tanpa degradasi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In most twisted pair Ethernet configurations, repeaters are required for cable that runs longer than 100 meters.</span> Pada kebanyakan konfigurasi Ethernet twisted pair, repeater diperlukan untuk kabel yang berjalan lebih panjang dari 100 meter.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Repeaters work on the Physical Layer of the OSI model.</span> Repeater bekerja pada Layer Fisik dari model OSI.</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Hubs">Hubs</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_hub&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhU2bIAcXDBYeh2XAkPyT-AQe8STg" title="Jaringan hub">network hub</a> contains multiple ports.</span> Sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_hub&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhU2bIAcXDBYeh2XAkPyT-AQe8STg" title="Jaringan hub">hub jaringan</a> berisi beberapa port.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied unmodified to all ports of the hub for transmission.</span> Ketika sebuah paket tiba di satu port, itu dicopy dimodifikasi untuk semua port hub untuk transmisi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The destination address in the frame is not changed to a broadcast address. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-6"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><span>[</span> 7 <span>]</span></sup></a> It works on the Physical Layer of the OSI model..</span> Alamat tujuan dalam frame tidak berubah ke alamat broadcast. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-6"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><span>[7]</span></sup></a> Ia bekerja pada Layer Fisik dari mode</span><br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)">l OSI </span><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)">..</span><h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Bridges">Jembatan</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_bridge&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjrbumDSj9uSOEwhd1geR6Y6plKOQ" title="Jaringan jembatan">network bridge</a> connects multiple <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_segment&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj5amD2EScPXuYgJZvQm6CATQltEw" title="Jaringan segmen">network segments</a> at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link_layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjc2iWIkseo2YfXcbldsIHYVLnsvQ" title="Data link layer">data link layer</a> (layer 2) of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhizeqVeUzLJbC0JuVow-1Z2xWrbKQ" title="Model OSI">OSI model</a> .</span> </span><br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)">Sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_bridge&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjrbumDSj9uSOEwhd1geR6Y6plKOQ" title="Jaringan jembatan">jembatan jaringan</a> menghubungkan beberapa <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_segment&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj5amD2EScPXuYgJZvQm6CATQltEw" title="Jaringan segmen">segmen jaringan</a> pada <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link_layer&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjc2iWIkseo2YfXcbldsIHYVLnsvQ" title="Data link layer">layer data link</a> (lapisan 2) dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhizeqVeUzLJbC0JuVow-1Z2xWrbKQ" title="Model OSI">model OSI</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Bridges broadcast to all ports except the port on which the broadcast was received.</span> Jembatan broadcast ke semua port kecuali port yang menyiarkan telah </span><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)">diterima.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">However, bridges do not promiscuously copy traffic to all ports, as hubs do, but learn which <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_Address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjXv2N0O5A8rNHzpv1xgR1O7Sjoow" title="MAC Address">MAC addresses</a> are reachable through specific ports.</span> Namun, jembatan tidak sembarangan copy lalu lintas ke semua port, sebagai hub lakukan, tapi belajar yang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_Address&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjXv2N0O5A8rNHzpv1xgR1O7Sjoow" title="MAC Address">MAC alamat</a> bisa dijangkau melalui port tertentu.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Once the bridge associates a port and an address, it will send traffic for that address to that port only.</span> Setelah asosiasi jembatan pelabuhan dan alamat, maka akan mengirimkan lalu lintas untuk alamat yang ke port saja.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Bridges learn the association of ports and addresses by examining the source address of frames that it sees on various ports.</span> Jembatan mempelajari hubungan antara pelabuhan dan alamat dengan memeriksa alamat sumber</span><br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"> dari frame yang melihat pada berbagai pelabuhan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Once a frame arrives through a port, its source address is stored and the bridge assumes that MAC address is associated with that port.</span> Setelah bingkai datang melalui pelabuhan, alamat sumber disimpan dan jembatan mengasumsikan bahwa alamat MAC dikaitkan dengan port tersebut.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The first time that a previously unknown destination address is seen, the bridge will forward the frame to all ports other than the one on which the frame arrived.</span> Pertama kali bahwa alamat tujuan tidak diketahui sebelumnya terlihat, jembatan akan meneruskan frame untuk semua port selain satu yang frame tiba.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Bridges come in three basic types:</span> Jembatan datang dalam tiga tipe dasar:</span> <br />
<ul><li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Local bridges: Directly connect local area networks (LANs)</span> jembatan Lokal: Langsung terhubung jaringan area lokal (LAN)</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Remote bridges: Can be used to create a wide area network (WAN) link between LANs.</span> jembatan Remote: Dapat digunakan untuk membuat wide area network (WAN) hubungan antara LAN.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Remote bridges, where the connecting link is slower than the end networks, largely have been replaced with routers.</span> jembatan Remote, di mana link penghubung lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan jaringan akhir, sebagian besar telah digantikan dengan router.</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Wireless bridges: Can be used to join LANs or connect remote stations to LANs.</span> jembatan Wireless: Dapat digunakan untuk menggabungkan LAN atau menghubungkan stasiun terpencil un</span></li>
</ul><h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Switches">Switch</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4eWfAnBFV0O44YrFC4AzJiF5TeQ" title="Jaringan beralih">network switch</a> is a device that forwards and filters <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_layer_2&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhM_PIdCHhjNx30G6DiPqlNpNldjg" title="OSI layer 2">OSI layer 2</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagrams&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg3uho7jjI5MWatb8SBJxI_ha9UeQ" title="Datagrams">datagrams</a> (chunk of data communication) between ports (connected cables) based on the MAC addresses in the packets. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-7"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><span>[</span> 8 <span>]</span></sup></a> A switch is distinct from a hub in that it only forwards the frames to the ports involved in the communication rather than all ports connected.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4eWfAnBFV0O44YrFC4AzJiF5TeQ" title="Jaringan beralih">switch jaringan</a> adalah sebuah alat yang maju dan filter <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_layer_2&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhM_PIdCHhjNx30G6DiPqlNpNldjg" title="OSI layer 2">OSI lapisan 2</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagrams&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg3uho7jjI5MWatb8SBJxI_ha9UeQ" title="Datagrams">datagrams</a> (sepotong komunikasi data) antara port (terhubung kabel) berdasarkan alamat MAC pada paket. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-7"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><span>[8]</span></sup></a> switch adalah berbeda dari hub dalam yang hanya ke depan frame ke port yang terlibat dalam komunikasi daripada semua port terhubung.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A switch breaks the collision domain but represents itself as a broadcast domain.</span> Switch memecah collision domain tetapi mewakili dirinya sebagai broadcast domain.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Switches make forwarding decisions of frames on the basis of MAC addresses.</span> Switches membuat keputusan forwarding frame berdasarkan alamat MAC.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A switch normally has numerous ports, facilitating a star topology for devices, and cascading additional switches. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-8"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><span>[</span> 9 <span>]</span></sup></a> Some switches are capable of routing based on Layer 3 addressing or additional logical levels; these are called multi-layer switches.</span> Switch biasanya memiliki banyak port, memfasilitasi topologi star untuk perangkat, dan mengalir switch tambahan. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhlE6_vvpaJXbCm2hKPWTIdzZfPew#cite_note-8"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><span>[9]</span></sup></a> Beberapa switch mampu routing berdasarkan Layer 3 pengalamatan atau tingkat logis tambahan, ini disebut-multi layer switch.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The term <i>switch</i> is used loosely in marketing to encompass devices including routers and bridges, as well as devices that may distribute traffic on load or by application content (eg, a Web <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhiqosFh-6yPI-bf-NycYmpx53WPw" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> identifier).</span> <i>Saklar</i> istilah digunakan secara longgar dalam pemasaran untuk mencakup perangkat termasuk router dan jembatan, serta perangkat yang dapat mendistribusikan trafik pada beban atau dengan konten aplikasi (misalnya, sebuah Web <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhiqosFh-6yPI-bf-NycYmpx53WPw" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> identifier).</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Routers">Router</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi21faPIzBwt9uRAhhIMWLzU_bNRw" title="Router">router</a> is an internetworking device that forwards <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_%28information_technology%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjX52clbd73k18QZ8ptCkGim0jRPg" title="Paket (teknologi informasi)">packets</a> between networks by processing information found in the datagram or packet (Internet protocol information from <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osi_model&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgZZf1ofCTuDQNFTNtUk68ztjEFYA#Layer_3:_Network_Layer" title="Osi model">Layer 3 of the OSI Model</a> ).</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi21faPIzBwt9uRAhhIMWLzU_bNRw" title="Router">router</a> adalah perangkat internetworking yang meneruskan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_%28information_technology%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjX52clbd73k18QZ8ptCkGim0jRPg" title="Paket (teknologi informasi)">paket</a> antara jaringan oleh pengolahan informasi yang ditemukan di datagram atau paket (protokol informasi Internet dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osi_model&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dibl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgZZf1ofCTuDQNFTNtUk68ztjEFYA#Layer_3:_Network_Layer" title="Osi model">Layer 3 dari OSI Model</a> ).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In many situations, this information is processed in conjunction with the routing table (also known as forwarding table).</span> Dalam banyak situasi, informasi ini diproses dalam hubungannya dengan tabel routing (juga dikenal sebagai tabel forwarding).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Routers use routing tables to determine what interface to forward packets (this can include the "null" also known as the "black hole" interface because data can go into it, however, no further processing is done for said data).</span> Router menggunakan tabel routing untuk menentukan interface untuk meneruskan paket (ini bisa termasuk "null" juga dikenal sebagai interface "lubang hitam" karena data dapat masuk ke dalamnya, bagaimanapun, tidak ada proses lebih lanjut dilakukan untuk kata data).</span> <br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Firewalls">Firewall</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Firewalls are the most important aspect of the network and its security in today's era.</span> Firewall adalah aspek yang paling penting dari jaringan dan keamanan di era saat ini.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Due to maximization of attacks on the networks from various groups stealing data, denying services etc the firewall is playing a vital roles in computer networks.</span> Karena memaksimalkan serangan pada jaringan dari berbagai kelompok mencuri data, menyangkal layanan dll firewall memainkan peran penting dalam jaringan komputer.</span><br />
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http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network&ei=2jvhTIaZC4-KuAOgnvko&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCEQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnetworking%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3DiblAtaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10085631725841168364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4496295361445063671.post-39854524330364124122010-11-14T07:20:00.000-08:002010-11-14T07:20:12.754-08:00Sistem Operasi Berbasis GUI<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)">Sebuah <b>antarmuka pengguna grafis (GUI),</b> sering diucapkan <i>lengket,</i> <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-0"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0">[1]</sup></a></span> adalah jenis <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjdXWSNj7EB7zcyiKdoaLmKzGzz9g" title="User interface">antarmuka pengguna</a> yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-computer_interaction&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFY-5MkUfEhdP2Kb_OyoylXCCCvQ" title="Interaksi manusia-komputer">berinteraksi dengan program dengan cara yang lebih dari mengetik</a> seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgb4SjCVzvJ4VwTnlef46JqPaUsow" title="Komputer">komputer</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjrQz1DwniiGujyxAErAVFt8YgNYQ" title="Perangkat selular">perangkat genggam</a> seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjotPUkl8s6JWpr5YqbrnIXZ7VdPA" title="MP3">MP3</a> player, portable media player atau game perangkat; peralatan rumah tangga dan peralatan kantor dengan gambar daripada perintah teks.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <i>GUI</i> offers graphical <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiyrdcHc-OykZ4qChyoSvdDcgF-IA" title="Ikon (komputer)">icons</a> , and visual indicators, as opposed to <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text-based_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDp81FUgchCSfsOhSzZb607_8VYw" title="Berbasis teks (komputasi)">text-based</a> interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation to fully represent the information and actions available to a user.</span> Sebuah <i>GUI</i> menawarkan grafis <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiyrdcHc-OykZ4qChyoSvdDcgF-IA" title="Ikon (komputer)">ikon</a> , dan indikator visual, sebagai lawan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text-based_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDp81FUgchCSfsOhSzZb607_8VYw" title="Berbasis teks (komputasi)">berbasis teks</a> antarmuka, label perintah diketik atau navigasi teks untuk sepenuhnya mewakili informasi dan tindakan yang tersedia untuk pengguna.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The actions are usually performed through <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_manipulation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhylKgk4hVSdY2BHtX3rMekFR8EGA" title="Manipulasi langsung">direct manipulation</a> of the graphical elements. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-1"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><span>[</span> 2 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Tindakan ini biasanya dilakukan melalui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_manipulation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhylKgk4hVSdY2BHtX3rMekFR8EGA" title="Manipulasi langsung">manipulasi langsung</a> dari elemen grafis. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-1"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><span>[2]</span></sup></a></span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The term <i>GUI</i> is historically restricted to the scope of two-dimensional display screens with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_resolutions&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhmLLhQ82fDNq7js7RPyI-8EdU9mQ" title="Resolusi layar">display resolutions</a> capable of describing generic information, in the tradition of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhjwV4h-ZhW6Ye2rGO8VBHI5qe29Q" title="Ilmu komputer">computer science</a> research at the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARC_%28company%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkmjYY89LctEgQXSqO4QSa5P5QJQ" title="PARC (perusahaan)">Palo Alto Research Center</a> (PARC).</span> Istilah <i>GUI</i> secara historis terbatas pada lingkup dimensi tampilan layar-dua dengan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_resolutions&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhmLLhQ82fDNq7js7RPyI-8EdU9mQ" title="Resolusi layar">resolusi layar</a> mampu menjelaskan informasi umum, dalam tradisi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhjwV4h-ZhW6Ye2rGO8VBHI5qe29Q" title="Ilmu komputer">ilmu komputer</a> riset di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARC_%28company%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkmjYY89LctEgQXSqO4QSa5P5QJQ" title="PARC (perusahaan)">Palo Alto Research Center</a> (PARC).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The term <i>GUI</i> earlier might have been applicable to other high-resolution <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-Machine_Interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgTEH6ohLCSmPSLgFGQzWfH_iqkzA#Types" title="Human-Machine Interface">types of interfaces</a> that are non-generic, such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videogames&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhJVJjAA3xwQFq4qtS0PVF8NXE6IA" title="Videogame">videogames</a> , or not restricted to flat screens, like <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_display&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjXNQ1OTcwamRNBhDfslwRlUzCT9w" title="Volumetrik tampilan">volumetric displays</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-2"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><span>[</span> 3 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Istilah <i>GUI</i> sebelumnya mungkin telah berlaku untuk resolusi tinggi lainnya <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-Machine_Interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgTEH6ohLCSmPSLgFGQzWfH_iqkzA#Types" title="Human-Machine Interface">jenis antarmuka</a> yang non-generic, seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videogames&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhJVJjAA3xwQFq4qtS0PVF8NXE6IA" title="Videogame">videogame</a> , atau tidak terbatas pada layar datar, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_display&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjXNQ1OTcwamRNBhDfslwRlUzCT9w" title="Volumetrik tampilan">menampilkan volumetrik</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-2"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><span>[3]</span></sup></a></span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Precursors">Prekursor</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A precursor to GUIs was invented by researchers at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Research_Institute&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlLDjLNnsnZg0r-Iz6oScZVR08xw" title="Stanford Research Institute">Stanford Research Institute</a> , led by <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwVPWXtNDoRUiITacF-lKi_c1Ikw" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a> .</span> Sebuah pendahulu untuk GUI diciptakan oleh peneliti di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Research_Institute&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlLDjLNnsnZg0r-Iz6oScZVR08xw" title="Stanford Research Institute">Stanford Research Institute</a> , dipimpin oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwVPWXtNDoRUiITacF-lKi_c1Ikw" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">They developed the use of text-based <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgmYhen5L3h9YSZ4O6-q55u-wNy0A" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> manipulated with a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mouse&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-jrQgVpVQm3snsm678XS0PzgnhA" title="Komputer mouse">mouse</a> for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-Line_System&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj9H9oBCkSlkttG_CqLJehvqVv_hQ" title="Tentang Sistem-Line">On-Line System</a> .</span> Mereka mengembangkan penggunaan berbasis teks <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgmYhen5L3h9YSZ4O6-q55u-wNy0A" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a> dimanipulasi dengan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mouse&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-jrQgVpVQm3snsm678XS0PzgnhA" title="Komputer mouse">mouse</a> untuk <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-Line_System&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj9H9oBCkSlkttG_CqLJehvqVv_hQ" title="Tentang Sistem-Line">On-Line System</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The concept of hyperlinks was further refined and extended to graphics by researchers at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_PARC&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgBj7agkI5HUK8T9_z7EaH6Sn2lJw" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a> , who went beyond text-based hyperlinks and used a GUI as the primary interface for the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Alto&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgOZPH6ceB5DG1n1jalPZd1Vu1WrA" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgb4SjCVzvJ4VwTnlef46JqPaUsow" title="Komputer">computer</a> .</span> Konsep hyperlink selanjutnya disempurnakan dan diperluas untuk grafis oleh para peneliti di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_PARC&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgBj7agkI5HUK8T9_z7EaH6Sn2lJw" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a> , yang melampaui hyperlink berbasis teks dan menggunakan GUI sebagai antarmuka utama untuk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Alto&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgOZPH6ceB5DG1n1jalPZd1Vu1WrA" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgb4SjCVzvJ4VwTnlef46JqPaUsow" title="Komputer">komputer</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Most modern general-purpose GUIs are derived from this system.</span> Paling modern tujuan umum GUI berasal dari sistem ini.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">As a result, some people <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Materi di sekitar tag ini dapat menggunakan kata-kata musang atau atribusi terlalu-samar.">[ <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg0HfMCg6Et1YI2QO9K_4h8uNOFcQ" title="Wikipedia: Hindari kata musang"><i>who?</i></a> ]</sup> call this class of interface a PARC User Interface (PUI) (note that PUI is also an acronym for <a class="new" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DPerceptual_user_interface%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwf68qqNw6De6AxFA3HKZ1mnOmiA" title="Persepsi user interface (halaman tidak ada)">perceptual user interface</a> ). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-3"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><span>[</span> 4 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Akibatnya, beberapa orang <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Materi di sekitar tag ini dapat menggunakan kata-kata musang atau atribusi terlalu-samar.">[ <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg0HfMCg6Et1YI2QO9K_4h8uNOFcQ" title="Wikipedia: Hindari kata musang"><i>siapa?</i></a> ]</sup> panggilan kelas ini antarmuka PARC User Interface (Pui) (dicatat bahwa Pui juga merupakan akronim untuk <a class="new" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DPerceptual_user_interface%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwf68qqNw6De6AxFA3HKZ1mnOmiA" title="Persepsi user interface (halaman tidak ada)">antarmuka pengguna perseptual</a> ). <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-3"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3">[4]</sup></a></span></span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiKbIwTBTOx6lyz4BJ2TKNpgFW4SA" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> developed a pointer-based system called the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhinpkXMf-Bo4Ew5YzwCe47ZlqFulA" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a> in 1963.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiKbIwTBTOx6lyz4BJ2TKNpgFW4SA" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> mengembangkan sebuah sistem berbasis pointer disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhinpkXMf-Bo4Ew5YzwCe47ZlqFulA" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a> pada tahun 1963.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It used a light-pen to guide the creation and manipulation of objects in engineering drawings.</span> Ini menggunakan pena cahaya untuk membimbing penciptaan dan manipulasi obyek dalam gambar teknik.</span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="PARC_user_interface">user interface PARC</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The PARC user interface consisted of graphical elements such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4RYksXQXjnToxom0mBYriqMdQaQ" title="Window (komputasi)">windows</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menu_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiH82uO-APN8qPhdiQv4f1nwuT_Bg" title="Menu (komputasi)">menus</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_button_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjk3QRGqwVvLlKIoqEjHjSqB8_mZQ" title="Tombol radio (komputasi)">radio buttons</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_box&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg7GH4KnQficpN9v6GNJjxzlxrCIQ" title="Centang kotak">check boxes</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiyrdcHc-OykZ4qChyoSvdDcgF-IA" title="Ikon (komputer)">icons</a> .</span> User interface PARC terdiri dari unsur-unsur grafis seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4RYksXQXjnToxom0mBYriqMdQaQ" title="Window (komputasi)">windows</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menu_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiH82uO-APN8qPhdiQv4f1nwuT_Bg" title="Menu (komputasi)">menu</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_button_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjk3QRGqwVvLlKIoqEjHjSqB8_mZQ" title="Tombol radio (komputasi)">tombol radio</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_box&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg7GH4KnQficpN9v6GNJjxzlxrCIQ" title="Centang kotak">kotak centang</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiyrdcHc-OykZ4qChyoSvdDcgF-IA" title="Ikon (komputer)">ikon</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The PARC user interface employs a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointing_device&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFfWDvU6yHPvGaB-021IN6A7nX7w" title="Menunjuk perangkat">pointing device</a> in addition to a keyboard.</span> Antarmuka pengguna PARC mempekerjakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointing_device&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFfWDvU6yHPvGaB-021IN6A7nX7w" title="Menunjuk perangkat">perangkat penunjuk</a> di samping keyboard.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">These aspects can be emphasized by using the alternative acronym <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxp4w5btqtk0JUAjFA2iZh8sOBwQ" title="Pengecut (komputasi)">WIMP</a> , which stands for <i>windows</i> , <i>icons</i> , <i>menus</i> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointing_device&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFfWDvU6yHPvGaB-021IN6A7nX7w" title="Menunjuk perangkat"><i>pointing device</i></a> .</span> Aspek-aspek dapat ditekankan dengan menggunakan singkatan alternatif <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxp4w5btqtk0JUAjFA2iZh8sOBwQ" title="Pengecut (komputasi)">pengecut</a> , yang berdiri untuk <i>jendela, ikon, menu</i> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointing_device&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFfWDvU6yHPvGaB-021IN6A7nX7w" title="Menunjuk perangkat"><i>perangkat penunjuk</i></a> .</span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Evolution">Evolusi</span></span> </h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <a class="image" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xerox_8010_compound_document.jpg&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjTFKpNCNOHgf56JyqKw6Yh-J4LTQ"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="185" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Xerox_8010_compound_document.jpg/220px-Xerox_8010_compound_document.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a class="internal" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xerox_8010_compound_document.jpg&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjTFKpNCNOHgf56JyqKw6Yh-J4LTQ" title="Memperbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Xerox Star Workstation introduced the first GUI operating systems as shown above.</span> Xerox Star Workstation memperkenalkan sistem operasi pertama GUI seperti yang ditunjukkan di atas.</span> </div></div></div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Following PARC the first GUI-centric computer operating model was the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Star&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhk43qyoC-dwVEg_KBBSA73NBM3DA" title="Xerox Star">Xerox 8010 Star Information System</a> in 1981, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-4"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><span>[</span> 5 <span>]</span></sup></a> followed by the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi3Zf9gGzGD7jPT3ezRJUOK2LuD6g" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a> (which presented the concept of menu bar as well as window controls) in 1983, the Apple <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh_R_NcN03J13hTyRcrER76xQHBg" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a> in 1984, and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_ST&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiSPuzvCDjORf2a3CDR5OvHf7vfSw" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a> and Commodore <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhljmiiZouqCxdfC-zaXL-mh-nRgw" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> in 1985.</span> Setelah PARC yang sentris pertama GUI-komputer model operasi adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Star&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhk43qyoC-dwVEg_KBBSA73NBM3DA" title="Xerox Star">Xerox 8010 Star Information System</a> pada tahun 1981, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-4"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><span>[5]</span></sup></a> diikuti oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi3Zf9gGzGD7jPT3ezRJUOK2LuD6g" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa Apple</a> (yang disajikan konsep bar menu serta kontrol jendela) pada tahun 1983, Apple <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh_R_NcN03J13hTyRcrER76xQHBg" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a> di 1984, dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_ST&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiSPuzvCDjORf2a3CDR5OvHf7vfSw" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a> dan Commodore <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhljmiiZouqCxdfC-zaXL-mh-nRgw" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> pada tahun 1985.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The GUIs familiar to most people today are <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj5h9H0LFj7hlSU1DhrWswMbN1sVg" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiY7LofAekBRFyILF_pz6fvPCQKkw" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgX5phRBNicfZK1BiluQzsQq9J2qw" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> interfaces. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgo_iJiyPvd8EkIlpH4tLGHvycueQ" title="Apple Inc">Apple</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi1IdX8Ozj4taJVZBgQtMAadHkB6g" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg7vMuZvBvwFBdr8QhEcp4wkZlWOA" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> used many of Xerox's ideas to develop products, and IBM's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_User_Access&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhir0R5D4VMhUuh9evp4novQQQYwKQ" title="Common Akses Pengguna">Common User Access</a> specifications formed the basis of the user interface found in Microsoft Windows, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_OS/2&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiAgJXz4svAyaUgxVmcBSP1Z5HqDg" title="IBM OS / 2">IBM OS/2</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_Manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjXhCubv1qUcVhiCmxGG32beFqmBA" title="Presentasi Manager">Presentation Manager</a> , and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgt_BAB0OJjG0Jl3AFuM6VtDqJ5rQ" title="Unix">Unix</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_%28widget_toolkit%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhfqb4YmmecJ5uhxseMu27F4uadfQ" title="Motif (widget toolkit)">Motif</a> toolkit and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7wKRyAUpN3W_TpAzm7_rVr_MQSg" title="Window manager">window manager</a> .</span> The GUI akrab bagi kebanyakan orang saat ini adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj5h9H0LFj7hlSU1DhrWswMbN1sVg" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiY7LofAekBRFyILF_pz6fvPCQKkw" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgX5phRBNicfZK1BiluQzsQq9J2qw" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> interface. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgo_iJiyPvd8EkIlpH4tLGHvycueQ" title="Apple Inc">Apple</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi1IdX8Ozj4taJVZBgQtMAadHkB6g" title="IBM">IBM</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg7vMuZvBvwFBdr8QhEcp4wkZlWOA" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> yang digunakan banyak ide-ide Xerox untuk mengembangkan produk, dan IBM <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_User_Access&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhir0R5D4VMhUuh9evp4novQQQYwKQ" title="Common Akses Pengguna">Pengguna Common Akses</a> spesifikasi membentuk dasar dari antarmuka pengguna yang ditemukan di Microsoft Windows, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_OS/2&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiAgJXz4svAyaUgxVmcBSP1Z5HqDg" title="IBM OS / 2">IBM OS / 2</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_Manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjXhCubv1qUcVhiCmxGG32beFqmBA" title="Presentasi Manager">Presentation Manager</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgt_BAB0OJjG0Jl3AFuM6VtDqJ5rQ" title="Unix">Unix</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_%28widget_toolkit%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhfqb4YmmecJ5uhxseMu27F4uadfQ" title="Motif (widget toolkit)">Motif</a> toolkit dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7wKRyAUpN3W_TpAzm7_rVr_MQSg" title="Window manager">window manager</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">These ideas evolved to create the interface found in current versions of Microsoft Windows, as well as in Mac OS X and various <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environments&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgoOQz91EJFdffCUfesO6j0ssz2eg" title="Lingkungan desktop">desktop environments</a> for <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlh31513ZHgF_OX1rBszqr9CKmtw" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjjB3OHZjmDjHcTu2MumgGmF5LYJQ" title="Sistem operasi">operating systems</a> , such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjyILnSZpdHwXsdg1rRjh1ofsDJeg" title="Linux">Linux</a> .</span> Ide-ide ini berkembang untuk membuat interface yang ditemukan di versi terkini dari Microsoft Windows, juga di Mac OS X dan berbagai <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environments&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgoOQz91EJFdffCUfesO6j0ssz2eg" title="Lingkungan desktop">lingkungan desktop</a> untuk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlh31513ZHgF_OX1rBszqr9CKmtw" title="Unix-like">Unix-seperti</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjjB3OHZjmDjHcTu2MumgGmF5LYJQ" title="Sistem operasi">sistem operasi</a> , seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjyILnSZpdHwXsdg1rRjh1ofsDJeg" title="Linux">Linux</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Thus most current GUIs have largely common idioms.</span> Jadi paling GUI saat ini memiliki idiom sebagian besar umum.</span><br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Components">Komponen</span></span> </h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elements_of_graphical_user_interfaces&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgT9xh_a6mpz6faB3mHSqD0z-LiLA" title="Elemen antarmuka pengguna grafis">Elements of graphical user interfaces</a></span> Artikel utama: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elements_of_graphical_user_interfaces&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgT9xh_a6mpz6faB3mHSqD0z-LiLA" title="Elemen antarmuka pengguna grafis">Elemen antarmuka pengguna grafis</a></span> </div><div class="rellink"> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Further information: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxp4w5btqtk0JUAjFA2iZh8sOBwQ" title="Pengecut (komputasi)">WIMP (computing)</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7wKRyAUpN3W_TpAzm7_rVr_MQSg" title="Window manager">Window manager</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhQo4eLH0wOCHeq7hnDoMKwDKLvbA" title="Lingkungan desktop">Desktop environment</a></span> Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxp4w5btqtk0JUAjFA2iZh8sOBwQ" title="Pengecut (komputasi)">pengecut (komputasi)</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7wKRyAUpN3W_TpAzm7_rVr_MQSg" title="Window manager">Window manager</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhQo4eLH0wOCHeq7hnDoMKwDKLvbA" title="Lingkungan desktop">lingkungan Desktop</a></span> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A GUI uses a combination of technologies and devices to provide a platform the user can interact with, for the tasks of gathering and producing information.</span> Sebuah GUI menggunakan kombinasi teknologi dan perangkat untuk menyediakan sebuah platform pengguna dapat berinteraksi dengan, untuk tugas-tugas pengumpulan dan menghasilkan informasi.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A series of elements conforming a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_language&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhOkGEn9uT_Kbr5E9StUVTinApQuw" title="Bahasa rupa">visual language</a> have evolved to represent information stored in computers.</span> Serangkaian unsur-unsur sesuai dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_language&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhOkGEn9uT_Kbr5E9StUVTinApQuw" title="Bahasa rupa">bahasa visual</a> telah berevolusi untuk mewakili informasi yang tersimpan di komputer.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This makes it easier for people with few computer skills to work with and use computer software.</span> Hal ini membuat lebih mudah bagi orang-orang dengan sedikit keterampilan komputer untuk bekerja dengan dan menggunakan perangkat lunak komputer.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The most common combination of such elements in GUIs is the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxp4w5btqtk0JUAjFA2iZh8sOBwQ" title="Pengecut (komputasi)">WIMP</a> ("window, icon, menu, pointing device") paradigm, especially in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgr7egaabRs637wHZm4uCvtLugA6Q" title="Personal komputer">personal computers</a> .</span> Yang umum kombinasi yang paling dari unsur-unsur tersebut dalam GUI adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxp4w5btqtk0JUAjFA2iZh8sOBwQ" title="Pengecut (komputasi)">pengecut</a> ("jendela, ikon, menu, perangkat penunjuk") paradigma, terutama di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgr7egaabRs637wHZm4uCvtLugA6Q" title="Personal komputer">komputer pribadi</a> .</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The WIMP style of interaction uses a physical <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-Zsh_uouYGiKCU4244Cf1OG_hOQ" title="Input device">input device</a> to control the position of a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursor_%28computers%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj60Mri1BLlOe11wmLXhb0doiQc6w" title="Kursor (komputer)">cursor</a> and presents information organized in windows and represented with icons.</span> Gaya pengecut interaksi menggunakan fisik <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-Zsh_uouYGiKCU4244Cf1OG_hOQ" title="Input device">perangkat input</a> untuk mengontrol posisi dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursor_%28computers%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj60Mri1BLlOe11wmLXhb0doiQc6w" title="Kursor (komputer)">kursor</a> dan menyajikan informasi yang terorganisir di windows dan diwakili dengan ikon.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Available commands are compiled together in menus, and actions are performed making gestures with the pointing device.</span> Perintah yang tersedia yang disusun bersama dalam menu, dan tindakan yang dilakukan membuat gerakan dengan perangkat penunjuk.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7wKRyAUpN3W_TpAzm7_rVr_MQSg" title="Window manager">window manager</a> facilitates the interactions between windows, applications, and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowing_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhKnIq8pX7vr4JCQSPM1tZZR1ihPA" title="Sistem windowing">windowing system</a> .</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7wKRyAUpN3W_TpAzm7_rVr_MQSg" title="Window manager">window manager</a> memfasilitasi interaksi antara jendela aplikasi, dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowing_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhKnIq8pX7vr4JCQSPM1tZZR1ihPA" title="Sistem windowing">sistem windowing</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowing_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhKnIq8pX7vr4JCQSPM1tZZR1ihPA" title="Sistem windowing">windowing system</a> handles hardware devices such as pointing devices and graphics hardware, as well as the positioning of the cursor.</span> Para <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowing_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhKnIq8pX7vr4JCQSPM1tZZR1ihPA" title="Sistem windowing">sistem windowing</a> menangani perangkat keras seperti menunjuk perangkat dan hardware grafis, serta posisi kursor.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgr7egaabRs637wHZm4uCvtLugA6Q" title="Personal komputer">personal computers</a> all these elements are modeled through a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_metaphor&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg7tx3ngy_gffPTCE0GTZFSyim-KQ" title="Desktop metafora">desktop metaphor</a> , to produce a simulation called a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhQo4eLH0wOCHeq7hnDoMKwDKLvbA" title="Lingkungan desktop">desktop environment</a> in which the display represents a desktop, upon which documents and folders of documents can be placed. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7wKRyAUpN3W_TpAzm7_rVr_MQSg" title="Window manager">Window managers</a> and other software combine to simulate the desktop environment with varying degrees of realism.</span> Pada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgr7egaabRs637wHZm4uCvtLugA6Q" title="Personal komputer">komputer pribadi</a> semua elemen ini dimodelkan melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_metaphor&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg7tx3ngy_gffPTCE0GTZFSyim-KQ" title="Desktop metafora">metafora desktop</a> , untuk menghasilkan simulasi yang disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhQo4eLH0wOCHeq7hnDoMKwDKLvbA" title="Lingkungan desktop">lingkungan desktop</a> yang layar merupakan desktop, yang di atasnya dokumen dan folder dokumen dapat ditempatkan. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7wKRyAUpN3W_TpAzm7_rVr_MQSg" title="Window manager">manajer Window</a> dan perangkat lunak lain bergabung untuk mensimulasikan desktop lingkungan dengan berbagai tingkat realisme.</span> <br />
<h2> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="editsection">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DGraphical_user_interface%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D6&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjPouJGuarMYeLNrd38C7XDuAeU4g" title="Edit bagian: Post-penakut interface">edit</a> ]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Post-WIMP_interfaces">Post-WIMP interfaces</span></span> <span class="editsection">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DGraphical_user_interface%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D6&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjPouJGuarMYeLNrd38C7XDuAeU4g" title="Edit bagian: Post-penakut interface">sunting</a></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Post-WIMP_interfaces"><span class="editsection">]-penakut</span> antarmuka Post</span></span> </h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-WIMP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh5XRuZJassakiP0jByP-fiNHqcA" title="Post-penakut">Post-WIMP</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-WIMP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh5XRuZJassakiP0jByP-fiNHqcA" title="Post-penakut">Post-penakut</a></span> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Smaller mobile devices such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjUKDVip3qNjTPYB9o6jvvv9_7qKA" title="PDA">PDAs</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhA3ypIRBL3ezxrK7FsxKwbbfVNSQ" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> typically use the WIMP elements with different unifying metaphors, due to constraints in space and available input devices.</span> perangkat mobile kecil seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjUKDVip3qNjTPYB9o6jvvv9_7qKA" title="PDA">PDA</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhA3ypIRBL3ezxrK7FsxKwbbfVNSQ" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> biasanya menggunakan unsur-unsur pemersatu pengecut dengan metafora yang berbeda, karena kendala dalam perangkat input yang tersedia dan ruang.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Applications for which WIMP is not well suited may use newer <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_techniques&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhTA9sJ60U29ZtLALf5WLxo-dWkqw" title="Interaksi teknik">interaction techniques</a> , collectively named as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-WIMP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh5XRuZJassakiP0jByP-fiNHqcA" title="Post-penakut">post-WIMP</a> user interfaces. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-5"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><span>[</span> 6 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Aplikasi yang pengecut yang tidak cocok dapat menggunakan lebih baru <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_techniques&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhTA9sJ60U29ZtLALf5WLxo-dWkqw" title="Interaksi teknik">teknik interaksi</a> , secara kolektif disebut sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-WIMP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh5XRuZJassakiP0jByP-fiNHqcA" title="Post-penakut">pasca-pengecut</a> antarmuka pengguna. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-5"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><span>[6]</span></sup></a></span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Some touch-screen-based operating systems such as Apple's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_%28Apple%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjqXcJ9GUR6xzYfuuTpgtZ_YjH3mA" title="IOS (Apple)">iOS</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_OS&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhikbzke4WmnTGxumTFpWsilTUKBVw" title="Android OS">Android OS</a> currently use <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-WIMP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh5XRuZJassakiP0jByP-fiNHqcA" title="Post-penakut">post-WIMP</a> styles of interaction.</span> Beberapa layar berbasis sistem operasi-touch seperti Apple <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_%28Apple%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjqXcJ9GUR6xzYfuuTpgtZ_YjH3mA" title="IOS (Apple)">IOS</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_OS&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhikbzke4WmnTGxumTFpWsilTUKBVw" title="Android OS">Android OS</a> saat ini menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-WIMP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh5XRuZJassakiP0jByP-fiNHqcA" title="Post-penakut">post-pengecut</a> gaya interaksi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhpVLx8YBgm96Os9gmjD3063xFJMQ" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> 's use of more than one finger in contact with the screen allows actions such as pinching and rotating, which are not supported by a single pointer and mouse. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-6"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><span>[</span> 7 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhpVLx8YBgm96Os9gmjD3063xFJMQ" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> menggunakan 's lebih dari satu jari bersentuhan dengan layar memungkinkan tindakan seperti mencubit dan berputar, yang tidak didukung oleh sebuah penunjuk tunggal dan mouse. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-6"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><span>[7]</span></sup></a></span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A class of GUIs sometimes referred to as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-WIMP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh5XRuZJassakiP0jByP-fiNHqcA" title="Post-penakut">post-WIMP</a> include 3D <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing_window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhSiJFgw8OUjLy74BJM-IlgbUhJxw" title="Compositing window manager">compositing window manager</a> such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiz&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlehcoUMoXH3e68e820K2i9W4aUg" title="Compiz">Compiz</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgB2QwUwVDTPXtYoCi4RO_EQyyoPg" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a> , and LG3D. <sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Klaim ini perlu referensi ke sumber terpercaya dari Oktober 2009">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihsw_Zjv_XJefQ3tqLUMKUAU0Cxg" title="Wikipedia: Citation diperlukan"><i>citation needed</i></a> ]</sup> Some post-WIMP interfaces may be better suited for applications which model immersive 3D environments, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Earth&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiDE-Ml1VaOLXJCVRzacxyUXZcRcA" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-7"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><span>[</span> 8 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Kelas GUI kadang-kadang disebut sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-WIMP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhh5XRuZJassakiP0jByP-fiNHqcA" title="Post-penakut">pasca-pengecut</a> termasuk 3D <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing_window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhSiJFgw8OUjLy74BJM-IlgbUhJxw" title="Compositing window manager">compositing window manager</a> seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiz&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlehcoUMoXH3e68e820K2i9W4aUg" title="Compiz">Compiz</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgB2QwUwVDTPXtYoCi4RO_EQyyoPg" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a> , dan LG3D. <sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Klaim ini perlu referensi ke sumber terpercaya dari Oktober 2009">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihsw_Zjv_XJefQ3tqLUMKUAU0Cxg" title="Wikipedia: Citation diperlukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a> ]</sup> Beberapa-pengecut interface pasca mungkin lebih baik cocok untuk aplikasi yang model immersive 3D lingkungan, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Earth&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiDE-Ml1VaOLXJCVRzacxyUXZcRcA" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-7"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><span>[8</span></sup></a></span><br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="User_interface_and_interaction_design">Antarmuka pengguna dan desain interaksi</span></span> </h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface_design&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhispOLRgAaai0l_-8emTmKC1TuK3w" title="Desain antarmuka pengguna">User interface design</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface_design&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhispOLRgAaai0l_-8emTmKC1TuK3w" title="Desain antarmuka pengguna">desain antarmuka pengguna</a></span> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Designing the visual composition and temporal behavior of GUI is an important part of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_application&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjfC-F85zy0MK6VUaNU0zLmyEBehg" title="Perangkat lunak aplikasi">software application</a> programming.</span> Merancang komposisi visual dan perilaku temporal GUI merupakan bagian penting dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_application&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjfC-F85zy0MK6VUaNU0zLmyEBehg" title="Perangkat lunak aplikasi">perangkat lunak aplikasi</a> pemrograman.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Its goal is to enhance the efficiency and ease of use for the underlying logical design of a stored <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhV_gOTlruoQ6WnbsknVm93Ju-weg" title="Program komputer">program</a> , a design discipline known as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usability&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhbhfPSdlegNknFT9Iir64nOHMIgQ" title="Usability">usability</a> .</span> Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kemudahan penggunaan untuk desain logis yang mendasari yang disimpan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhV_gOTlruoQ6WnbsknVm93Ju-weg" title="Program komputer">program</a> , sebuah disiplin desain yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usability&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhbhfPSdlegNknFT9Iir64nOHMIgQ" title="Usability">kegunaan</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Techniques of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User-centered_design&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjC5BwdHgdhd2edrSulJjJzq1hKQA" title="User-berpusat desain">user-centered design</a> are used to ensure that the visual language introduced in the design is well tailored to the tasks it must perform.</span> Teknik <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User-centered_design&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjC5BwdHgdhd2edrSulJjJzq1hKQA" title="User-berpusat desain">pengguna-desain yang berpusat</a> digunakan untuk memastikan bahwa bahasa visual yang diperkenalkan dalam desain dengan baik disesuaikan dengan tugas yang harus dilakukan.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Typically, the user interacts with information by manipulating visual <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI_widget&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwaz2zzliTzzPKfeGxWSNX-AqKww" title="GUI widget">widgets</a> that allow for interactions appropriate to the kind of data they hold.</span> Biasanya, pengguna berinteraksi dengan informasi dengan memanipulasi visual <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI_widget&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwaz2zzliTzzPKfeGxWSNX-AqKww" title="GUI widget">widget</a> yang memungkinkan untuk interaksi sesuai dengan jenis data yang mereka pegang.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The widgets of a well-designed interface are selected to support the actions necessary to achieve the goals of the user.</span> Widget dari antarmuka yang dirancang dengan baik dipilih untuk mendukung tindakan yang diperlukan untuk mencapai tujuan pengguna.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-view-controller&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgX4hVyG4aIXeCisQgKUemMu9q8EA" title="Model-view-controller">Model-view-controller</a> allows for a flexible structure in which the interface is independent from and indirectly linked to application functionality, so the GUI can be easily customized.</span> Sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-view-controller&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgX4hVyG4aIXeCisQgKUemMu9q8EA" title="Model-view-controller">Model-view-controller</a> memungkinkan untuk struktur yang fleksibel di mana antarmuka yang independen dari dan tidak langsung terkait dengan fungsionalitas aplikasi, sehingga GUI dapat dengan mudah disesuaikan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This allows the user to select or design a different <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg6mCJcX--FSD9gIyic0Wz7XyXemg" title="Kulit (komputasi)"><i>skin</i></a> at will, and eases the designer's work to change the interface as the user needs evolve.</span> Hal ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk memilih atau desain yang berbeda <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg6mCJcX--FSD9gIyic0Wz7XyXemg" title="Kulit (komputasi)"><i>kulit</i></a> di akan, dan memudahkan perancang bekerja untuk mengubah antarmuka sebagai pengguna kebutuhan berevolusi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Nevertheless, good user interface design relates to the user, not the system architecture.</span> Namun demikian, pengguna desain antarmuka yang baik berhubungan dengan pengguna, bukan arsitektur sistem.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The visible graphical interface features of an application are sometimes referred to as "chrome". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-8"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><span>[</span> 9 <span>]</span></sup></a> Larger widgets, such as windows, usually provide a frame or container for the main presentation content such as a web page, email message or drawing.</span> Fitur Antarmuka grafis terlihat dari aplikasi kadang-kadang disebut sebagai "krom". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-8"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><span>[9]</span></sup></a> widget yang lebih besar, seperti jendela, biasanya menyediakan bingkai atau wadah untuk konten presentasi utama seperti halaman web, pesan email atau gambar.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Smaller ones usually act as a user-input tool.</span> yang lebih kecil biasanya bertindak sebagai alat input pengguna.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A GUI may be designed for the rigorous requirements of a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_market&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiqOIT9FCnBp04GObUUvEG9Zc3zIQ" title="Vertikal pasar">vertical market</a> .</span> Sebuah GUI dapat dirancang untuk persyaratan ketat dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_market&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiqOIT9FCnBp04GObUUvEG9Zc3zIQ" title="Vertikal pasar">pasar vertikal</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This is known as an "application specific graphical user interface."</span> Ini dikenal sebagai "antarmuka pengguna grafis aplikasi spesifik."</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Among early application specific GUIs was <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Mosher&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiJxCibHfTpGgGHnrtMweFxHgoLIg" title="Gene Mosher">Gene Mosher</a> 's <a class="external text" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n6/gettingdowntobusiness.html&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhC3-ltImoIh44jhdAIMl3v0V6-Nw" rel="nofollow">1986 Point of Sale touchscreen GUI</a> .</span> Di antara spesifik aplikasi GUI awal <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Mosher&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiJxCibHfTpGgGHnrtMweFxHgoLIg" title="Gene Mosher">Gene Mosher</a> 's <a class="external text" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n6/gettingdowntobusiness.html&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhC3-ltImoIh44jhdAIMl3v0V6-Nw" rel="nofollow">1986 Point of Sale touchscreen GUI</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Other examples of an application specific GUIs are:</span> Lain contoh aplikasi GUI khusus adalah:</span> <br />
<ul><li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_checkout&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0bFlan3oIcdTWLxTb6kP1kvL7FA" title="Self checkout">Self-service checkouts</a> used in a retail store</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_checkout&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0bFlan3oIcdTWLxTb6kP1kvL7FA" title="Self checkout">Self-service checkout</a> digunakan di toko eceran</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Automated teller machines (ATM)</span> Mesin teller otomatis (ATM)</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Airline self-ticketing and check-in</span> Airline diri ticketing dan check-in</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Information kiosks in a public space, like a train station or a museum</span> Informasi kios di ruang publik, seperti stasiun kereta api atau museum</span> </li>
<li> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Monitors or control screens in an embedded industrial application which employ a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_time_operating_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh8DpX1yhqG_p1djPzzWBmQmsexkg" title="Real time sistem operasi">real time operating system</a> (RTOS).</span> Monitor atau kontrol layar dalam aplikasi industri melekat yang menerapkan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_time_operating_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh8DpX1yhqG_p1djPzzWBmQmsexkg" title="Real time sistem operasi">sistem operasi real time</a> (RTOS).</span> </li>
</ul><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The latest cell phones and handheld game systems also employ application specific touchscreen GUIs.</span> Telepon seluler terbaru dan sistem permainan genggam juga mempekerjakan GUI aplikasi touchscreen spesifik.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Newer automobiles use GUIs in their navigation systems and touch screen multimedia centers.</span> mobil baru menggunakan GUI dalam sistem navigasi mereka dan layar sentuh pusat multimedia.</span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Command-line_interfaces">interface Command</span></span> </h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <a class="image" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bash_screenshot.png&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjhu18Eic3r7OE-5tW8_Yf0qx8jtw"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="299" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bash_screenshot.png/220px-Bash_screenshot.png" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a class="internal" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bash_screenshot.png&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjhu18Eic3r7OE-5tW8_Yf0qx8jtw" title="Memperbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Modern CLI</span> Modern CLI</span> </div></div></div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">GUIs were introduced in reaction to the steep <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_curve&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiVacfrCXN9wDWIshnwlCm6G8QRdw" title="Kurva belajar">learning curve</a> of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjSCtJ2jpO05Stce-pgfe1iOeeowg" title="Command-line interface">command-line interfaces</a> (CLI), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-computerhope.com-9"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-computerhope.com_9-0"><span>[</span> 10 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-blogs.technet.com-10"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blogs.technet.com_10-0"><span>[</span> 11 <span>]</span></sup> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blogs.technet.com_10-1"><span>[</span> 11 <span>]</span></sup></a> which require commands to be typed on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjzX6M1wa2owjEm25tKbBSVtXNjHA" title="Keyboard Komputer">keyboard</a> .</span> GUI diperkenalkan sebagai reaksi terhadap curam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_curve&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiVacfrCXN9wDWIshnwlCm6G8QRdw" title="Kurva belajar">kurva belajar</a> dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjSCtJ2jpO05Stce-pgfe1iOeeowg" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> (CLI), <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-computerhope.com-9"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-computerhope.com_9-0">[10]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-blogs.technet.com-10"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blogs.technet.com_10-0">[11]</sup> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blogs.technet.com_10-1">[11]</sup></a></span> yang perlu perintah untuk diketik pada <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjzX6M1wa2owjEm25tKbBSVtXNjHA" title="Keyboard Komputer">keyboard</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Since the commands available in command line interfaces can be numerous, complicated operations can be completed using a short sequence of words and symbols.</span> Karena perintah yang tersedia di antarmuka baris perintah bisa banyak, operasi yang rumit dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan urutan singkat kata-kata dan simbol.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This allows for greater efficiency and productivity once many commands are learned, <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-computerhope.com_9-1"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-computerhope.com-9"><span>[</span> 10 <span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-blogs.technet.com-10"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blogs.technet.com_10-2"><span>[</span> 11 <span>]</span></sup> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blogs.technet.com_10-3"><span>[</span> 11 <span>]</span></sup></a> but reaching this level takes some time because the command words are not easily discoverable and not mnemonic. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxp4w5btqtk0JUAjFA2iZh8sOBwQ" title="Pengecut (komputasi)">WIMPs</a> ("window, icon, menu, pointing device"), on the other hand, present the user with numerous <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI_widget&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwaz2zzliTzzPKfeGxWSNX-AqKww" title="GUI widget">widgets</a> that represent and can trigger some of the system's available commands.</span> Hal ini memungkinkan untuk efisiensi dan produktivitas yang lebih banyak sekali perintah dipelajari, <span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-computerhope.com_9-1"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-computerhope.com-9">[10]</a></sup> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-blogs.technet.com-10"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blogs.technet.com_10-2">[11]</sup> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blogs.technet.com_10-3">[11]</sup></a></span> tetapi mencapai tingkat ini membutuhkan waktu beberapa karena kata-kata perintah tidak mudah ditemukan dan tidak mnemonic. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_%28computing%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjxp4w5btqtk0JUAjFA2iZh8sOBwQ" title="Pengecut (komputasi)">WIMPs</a> ("jendela, ikon, menu, Perangkat penunjuk "), di sisi lain, hadir dengan berbagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI_widget&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwaz2zzliTzzPKfeGxWSNX-AqKww" title="GUI widget">widget</a> yang mewakili dan dapat memicu beberapa yang tersedia perintah sistem.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">WIMPs extensively use <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_%28computer_interface%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhciWNnLnRx_z7_sXLUCUOGMidLrA" title="Mode (antarmuka komputer)">modes</a> as the meaning of all keys and clicks on specific positions on the screen are redefined all the time.</span> WIMPs ekstensif menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_%28computer_interface%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhciWNnLnRx_z7_sXLUCUOGMidLrA" title="Mode (antarmuka komputer)">mode</a> sebagai makna semua kunci dan klik pada posisi tertentu di layar yang didefinisikan ulang sepanjang waktu.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Command line interfaces use modes only in limited forms, such as the current directory and environment variables.</span> Command line interface menggunakan moda hanya dalam bentuk terbatas, seperti direktori saat ini dan variabel lingkungan.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Most modern <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjjB3OHZjmDjHcTu2MumgGmF5LYJQ" title="Sistem operasi">operating systems</a> provide both a GUI and some level of a CLI, although the GUIs usually receive more attention.</span> Paling modern <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjjB3OHZjmDjHcTu2MumgGmF5LYJQ" title="Sistem operasi">sistem operasi</a> menyediakan kedua GUI dan beberapa tingkat CLI, meskipun GUI biasanya menerima lebih banyak perhatian.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The GUI is usually WIMP-based, although occasionally other metaphors surface, such as those used in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Bob&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhZvbpwH7AeZsPMwIcIu4ibn9SavA" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a> , 3dwm or <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_System_Visualizer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgtXsZh94BPJhFIHcrf1BIvrRXZVg" title="File Visualizer Sistem">File System Visualizer</a> (FSV).</span> GUI biasanya pengecut berbasis, meskipun metafora permukaan lainnya kadang-kadang, seperti yang digunakan dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Bob&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhZvbpwH7AeZsPMwIcIu4ibn9SavA" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a> , 3dwm atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_System_Visualizer&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgtXsZh94BPJhFIHcrf1BIvrRXZVg" title="File Visualizer Sistem">File System Visualizer</a> (FSV).</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Applications may also provide both interfaces, and when they do the GUI is usually a WIMP wrapper around the command-line version.</span> Aplikasi juga dapat menyediakan baik interface, dan ketika mereka melakukan GUI biasanya pembungkus pengecut sekitar versi baris perintah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This is especially common with applications designed for <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlh31513ZHgF_OX1rBszqr9CKmtw" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems.</span> Hal ini terutama umum dengan aplikasi yang dirancang untuk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlh31513ZHgF_OX1rBszqr9CKmtw" title="Unix-like">Unix-seperti</a> sistem operasi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The latter used to be implemented first because it allowed the developers to focus exclusively on their product's functionality without bothering about interface details such as designing icons and placing buttons.</span> Yang terakhir digunakan untuk diimplementasikan pertama karena memungkinkan para pengembang untuk secara eksklusif memfokuskan pada fungsi produk mereka tanpa mengganggu tentang rincian antarmuka seperti merancang ikon dan menempatkan tombol.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Designing programs this way also allows users to run the program non-interactively, such as in a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh_-taxUscNvEeIzHHYq2BSnKyI-Q" title="Shell script">shell script</a> .</span> Mendesain program-program cara ini juga memungkinkan pengguna untuk menjalankan program non-interaktif, misalnya di dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh_-taxUscNvEeIzHHYq2BSnKyI-Q" title="Shell script">shell script</a> .</span><br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Three-dimensional_user_interfaces">dimensi user interface-Tiga</span></span> </h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing_window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhSiJFgw8OUjLy74BJM-IlgbUhJxw" title="Compositing window manager">Compositing window manager</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing_window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhSiJFgw8OUjLy74BJM-IlgbUhJxw" title="Compositing window manager">compositing window manager</a></span> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For typical computer displays, <i>three-dimensional</i> is a misnomer—their displays are two-dimensional.</span> Untuk menampilkan komputer umum, <i>tiga-dimensi</i> adalah sebuah ironi-layar mereka adalah dua-dimensi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Semantically, however, most graphical user interfaces use three dimensions - in addition to height and width, they offer a third dimension of layering or stacking screen elements over one another.</span> Semantis, namun sebagian besar user interface grafis menggunakan tiga dimensi - di samping tinggi dan lebar, mereka menawarkan dimensi ketiga dari layering atau menumpuk elemen layar lebih dari satu sama lain.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This may be represented visually on screen through an illusionary transparent effect, which offers the advantage that information in background windows may still be read, if not interacted with.</span> Hal ini dapat diwakili visual di layar melalui efek transparan ilusi, yang menawarkan keuntungan bahwa informasi dalam jendela latar belakang masih dapat dibaca, jika tidak berinteraksi dengan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Or the environment may simply hide the background information, possibly making the distinction apparent by drawing a drop shadow effect over it.</span> Atau lingkungan mungkin hanya menyembunyikan informasi latar belakang, mungkin membuat perbedaan nyata dengan menggambar efek drop shadow di atasnya.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Some environments use the techniques of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_graphics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhscyH9TUs08ED5nTHQ8taj--i7-Q" title="Grafis 3D">3D graphics</a> to project virtual three dimensional user interface objects onto the screen.</span> Beberapa lingkungan menggunakan teknik-teknik <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_graphics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhscyH9TUs08ED5nTHQ8taj--i7-Q" title="Grafis 3D">grafis 3D</a> untuk proyek virtual tiga dimensi obyek antarmuka pengguna ke layar.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">As the processing power of computer graphics hardware increases, this becomes less of an obstacle to a smooth user experience.</span> Sebagai kekuatan pemrosesan meningkat perangkat keras komputer grafis, ini menjadi kurang dari sebuah rintangan untuk pengalaman pengguna yang halus.</span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Motivation">Motivasi</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Three-dimensional GUIs are quite common in science fiction literature and movies, such as in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_%28film%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiB1CR885mnd--_qtIrrCsoc9a0lg" title="Jurassic Park (film)"><i>Jurassic Park</i></a> , which features <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjcwkYpUgyLVuoDpMm437h5nv138Q" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a> ' three-dimensional file manager, "File system navigator", an actual file manager that never got much widespread use as the user interface for a Unix computer.</span> -Dimensi Tiga GUI cukup umum dalam literatur fiksi ilmiah dan film, seperti di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_%28film%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiB1CR885mnd--_qtIrrCsoc9a0lg" title="Jurassic Park (film)"><i>Jurassic Park</i></a> , yang menampilkan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjcwkYpUgyLVuoDpMm437h5nv138Q" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a> file manager-dimensi tiga ', "Berkas navigator sistem", sebuah file manager yang sebenarnya yang tidak pernah mendapat banyak digunakan secara luas sebagai pengguna interface untuk komputer Unix.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In fiction, three-dimensional user interfaces are often immersible environments like William Gibson's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberspace&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj6ktUPR4onzBHSjiy5wr0CZ0vqdw" title="Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a> or Neal Stephenson's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhga1Ys_TTEEppok5KuAx13nKiYN1Q" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a> .</span> Dalam fiksi, dimensi user interface-tiga sering lingkungan immersible seperti William Gibson <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberspace&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj6ktUPR4onzBHSjiy5wr0CZ0vqdw" title="Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a> atau Neal Stephenson <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhga1Ys_TTEEppok5KuAx13nKiYN1Q" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a> .</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Three-dimensional graphics are currently mostly used in computer games, art and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhV49WznkRUAZG0SzdBtS-R3LgfAQ" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a> (CAD).</span> Tiga dimensi grafis saat ini banyak digunakan di komputer seni permainan, dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhV49WznkRUAZG0SzdBtS-R3LgfAQ" title="Computer-aided design">-dibantu desain komputer</a> (CAD).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">There have been several attempts at making three-dimensional desktop environments like Sun's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Looking_Glass&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhMnOovySmjGaWf74BYLRc6YeQF6Q" title="Proyek Looking Glass">Project Looking Glass</a> or <a class="external text" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.spheresite.com/&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjGk20emvNVoqFwQ7zAqg7nafupBw" rel="nofollow">SphereXP</a> from Sphere Inc. A three-dimensional computing environment could possibly be used for collaborative work.</span> Ada beberapa usaha untuk membuat dimensi lingkungan desktop-tiga seperti Sun <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Looking_Glass&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhMnOovySmjGaWf74BYLRc6YeQF6Q" title="Proyek Looking Glass">Proyek Looking Glass</a> atau <a class="external text" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.spheresite.com/&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjGk20emvNVoqFwQ7zAqg7nafupBw" rel="nofollow">SphereXP</a> dari Sphere Inc A dimensi lingkungan komputasi tiga mungkin dapat digunakan untuk pekerjaan kolaboratif.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For example, scientists could study three-dimensional models of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecules&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgixyX8nZgsUcKRMgFXDIi9JxqU6g" title="Molekul">molecules</a> in a virtual reality environment, or engineers could work on assembling a three-dimensional model of an airplane.</span> Sebagai contoh, para ilmuwan bisa mempelajari model dimensi tiga <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecules&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgixyX8nZgsUcKRMgFXDIi9JxqU6g" title="Molekul">molekul</a> dalam lingkungan virtual reality, atau insinyur bisa bekerja pada merakit model tiga dimensi dari pesawat terbang.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This is a goal of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croquet_project&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj_Drlv-YR6EWVX4jOv_-kS94s-Fg" title="Helipad proyek">Croquet project</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Looking_Glass&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhMnOovySmjGaWf74BYLRc6YeQF6Q" title="Proyek Looking Glass">Project Looking Glass</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-11"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><span>[</span> 12 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Ini adalah tujuan dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croquet_project&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj_Drlv-YR6EWVX4jOv_-kS94s-Fg" title="Helipad proyek">proyek Helipad</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Looking_Glass&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhMnOovySmjGaWf74BYLRc6YeQF6Q" title="Proyek Looking Glass">Proyek Looking Glass</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi_ceycr-XUQPnN0qtqJQPXRkIyQA#cite_note-11"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><span>[12]</span></sup></a></span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Technologies">Teknologi</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The use of three-dimensional graphics has become increasingly common in mainstream operating systems, from creating attractive interfaces— <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_candy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi7SySKZVSMckIIlrsyw8-RBrE3MA" title="Eye candy">eye candy</a> — to functional purposes only possible using three dimensions.</span> Penggunaan grafis tiga dimensi telah menjadi semakin umum dalam sistem operasi mainstream, dari menciptakan menarik interface- <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_candy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi7SySKZVSMckIIlrsyw8-RBrE3MA" title="Eye candy">permen mata</a> - untuk tujuan fungsional hanya mungkin menggunakan tiga dimensi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For example, user switching is represented by rotating a cube whose faces are each user's workspace, and window management is represented via a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolodex&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhUoW_aByxQyQLP0F2HiKyPP1lRwg" title="Rolodex">Rolodex</a> -style flipping mechanism in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vista&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh5ElC0URDXpAMj9-oKwrJSxwVOuw" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> (see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Flip_3D&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj2Eul_LdsSO-oXOxeTJmpvOukMKQ" title="Windows Flip 3D">Windows Flip 3D</a> ).</span> Sebagai contoh, switching pengguna diwakili dengan memutar sebuah kubus yang wajah pengguna ruang kerja masing-masing, dan manajemen jendela direpresentasikan melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolodex&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhUoW_aByxQyQLP0F2HiKyPP1lRwg" title="Rolodex">Rolodex</a> membalik mekanisme gaya-in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vista&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh5ElC0URDXpAMj9-oKwrJSxwVOuw" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> (lihat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Flip_3D&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj2Eul_LdsSO-oXOxeTJmpvOukMKQ" title="Windows Flip 3D">Windows Flip 3D</a> ).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In both cases, the operating system transforms windows on-the-fly while continuing to update the content of those windows.</span> Dalam kedua kasus, sistem operasi mengubah windows on-the-fly sambil terus memperbarui isi dari jendela.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Interfaces for the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgX5phRBNicfZK1BiluQzsQq9J2qw" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> have also implemented advanced three-dimensional user interfaces through <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing_window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhSiJFgw8OUjLy74BJM-IlgbUhJxw" title="Compositing window manager">compositing window managers</a> such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl_%28window_manager%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgb6goI5wnCx7nGCSvn5KaE3tt1aQ" title="Beryl (window manager)">Beryl</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiz&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlehcoUMoXH3e68e820K2i9W4aUg" title="Compiz">Compiz</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWin&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgOHGg8DpCjx5EmEcwVpa4PrdSR6Q" title="KWin">KWin</a> using the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIGLX&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjrJSQzIU16l0ck33KBf0AYxVHgzA" title="AIGLX">AIGLX</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XGL&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipiX1yM8gmZyqu5zS7ZqnQY_pXUQ" title="XGL">XGL</a> architectures, allowing for the usage of OpenGL to animate the user's interactions with the desktop.</span> Antarmuka untuk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgX5phRBNicfZK1BiluQzsQq9J2qw" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> juga telah menerapkan tiga dimensi user interface-maju melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing_window_manager&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhSiJFgw8OUjLy74BJM-IlgbUhJxw" title="Compositing window manager">compositing window manager</a> seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl_%28window_manager%29&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgb6goI5wnCx7nGCSvn5KaE3tt1aQ" title="Beryl (window manager)">Beryl</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiz&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlehcoUMoXH3e68e820K2i9W4aUg" title="Compiz">Compiz</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWin&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgOHGg8DpCjx5EmEcwVpa4PrdSR6Q" title="KWin">KWin</a> menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIGLX&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjrJSQzIU16l0ck33KBf0AYxVHgzA" title="AIGLX">AIGLX</a> atau <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XGL&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipiX1yM8gmZyqu5zS7ZqnQY_pXUQ" title="XGL">XGL</a> arsitektur, sehingga memungkinkan untuk penggunaan OpenGL untuk menghidupkan interaksi pengguna dengan desktop.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Another branch in the three-dimensional desktop environment is the three-dimensional GUIs that take the desktop metaphor a step further, like the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BumpTop&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiJRMxDkyC_gtysHGDoL4mGEZCfng" title="BumpTop">BumpTop</a> , where a user can manipulate documents and windows as if they were "real world" documents, with realistic movement and physics.</span> Cabang lain di lingkungan desktop dimensi-tiga dimensi adalah GUI tiga yang mengambil metafora desktop langkah lebih lanjut, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BumpTop&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiJRMxDkyC_gtysHGDoL4mGEZCfng" title="BumpTop">BumpTop</a> , di mana pengguna dapat memanipulasi dokumen dan jendela seolah-olah mereka "dunia nyata" dokumen, dengan gerakan realistis dan fisika.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooming_User_Interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhivN5dCi5CVB-H7J4V3RvHR7teSbA" title="Zooming User Interface">Zooming User Interface</a> (ZUI) is a related technology that promises to deliver the representation benefits of 3D environments without their usability drawbacks of orientation problems and hidden objects.</span> The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooming_User_Interface&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhivN5dCi5CVB-H7J4V3RvHR7teSbA" title="Zooming User Interface">Zooming User Interface</a> (Zui) adalah teknologi yang berhubungan yang menjanjikan untuk memberikan manfaat representasi 3D lingkungan tanpa kelemahan kegunaan mereka masalah orientasi dan benda-benda tersembunyi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is a logical advancement on the GUI, blending some <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjYblg1x63ewPlz-290CmLCQrcIMw" title="3D komputer grafis">three-dimensional</a> movement with <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2D_computer_graphics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi8EVT6-y7YUnVZgSHNxuTX9YvKsQ" title="2D komputer grafis">two-dimensional</a> or " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2.5D&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi6QNNVgq5zDz7I01QhZ4Ufd_6EJg" title="2.5D">2.5D</a> " vector objects.</span> Ini merupakan kemajuan logis pada GUI, pencampuran beberapa <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjYblg1x63ewPlz-290CmLCQrcIMw" title="3D komputer grafis">tiga-dimensi</a> gerakan dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2D_computer_graphics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi8EVT6-y7YUnVZgSHNxuTX9YvKsQ" title="2D komputer grafis">dua dimensi</a> atau " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2.5D&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi6QNNVgq5zDz7I01QhZ4Ufd_6EJg" title="2.5D">2.5D</a> "objek vektor.</span><br />
<br />
http://translate.google.co.id/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=id&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=en&tl=id&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGraphical_user_interfaceAtaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10085631725841168364noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4496295361445063671.post-6967537417923130682010-11-14T07:11:00.000-08:002010-11-14T07:11:56.141-08:00Sistem Operasi Berbasis CLI<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><b>A-antarmuka baris perintah (CLI)</b> adalah sebuah mekanisme untuk berinteraksi dengan komputer <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-bE2xOX2gTAjyPbDq2LtuzhV-ag" title="Sistem operasi">sistem operasi</a> atau <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjIIOXuujmwxns-zkkV5-8tA-q3Vg" title="Perangkat Lunak">perangkat lunak</a> dengan mengetikkan perintah untuk melakukan tugas-tugas tertentu.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This text-only interface contrasts with the use of a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwxbmZhiE_pRflkk9LPkpK_WofIw" title="Mouse (komputer)">mouse pointer</a> with a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhjIobyhcqjUXP_QygMoSFo86wLtQ" title="Graphical user interface"><b>graphical user interface</b></a> ( <b>GUI</b> ) to click on options, or menus on a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_user_interface&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjfJyj1A2gzGt4LAzc17s9VDIl_fw" title="Teks antarmuka pengguna">text user interface</a> (TUI) to select options.</span> Ini hanya antar muka teks kontras dengan penggunaan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwxbmZhiE_pRflkk9LPkpK_WofIw" title="Mouse (komputer)">pointer mouse</a> dengan <b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhjIobyhcqjUXP_QygMoSFo86wLtQ" title="Graphical user interface">antarmuka pengguna grafis</a> (GUI)</b> untuk klik pada pilihan, atau menu pada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_user_interface&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjfJyj1A2gzGt4LAzc17s9VDIl_fw" title="Teks antarmuka pengguna">user interface teks</a> (TUI) untuk memilih opsi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This method of instructing a computer to perform a given task is referred to as "entering" a command: the system waits for the user to conclude the submitting of the text command by pressing the "Enter" key (a descendant of the "carriage return" key of a typewriter keyboard).</span> Metode ini memerintahkan komputer untuk melakukan tugas yang diberikan ini disebut sebagai "memasukkan" perintah: sistem menunggu pengguna untuk menyimpulkan pengajuan perintah teks dengan menekan tombol "Enter" (keturunan kembali "carriage "kunci keyboard mesin ketik).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interpreter&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhDVVDhuyRJtChj-9vwOqYrBNoN8Q" title="Command-line interpreter">command-line interpreter</a> then receives, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjTU0bl46p2UgBbAk76-Yatd-rVcg" title="Parsing">analyses</a> , and executes the requested command.</span> A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interpreter&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhDVVDhuyRJtChj-9vwOqYrBNoN8Q" title="Command-line interpreter">-line command interpreter</a> kemudian menerima, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjTU0bl46p2UgBbAk76-Yatd-rVcg" title="Parsing">menganalisa</a> , dan menjalankan perintah yang diminta.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The command-line interpreter may be run in a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_terminal&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhglS0yF0JURSLTQ5IruV7hqvqUmSQ#Text_terminals" title="Komputer terminal">text terminal</a> or in a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgoEx0p6Y3zfiAOq3MrvhXFdcO1Eg" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulator</a> window as a remote shell client such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PuTTY&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhijDmex62qKCk9v6w_MIat9dKfOAA" title="Putty">PuTTY</a> .</span> The-baris command interpreter dapat dijalankan dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_terminal&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhglS0yF0JURSLTQ5IruV7hqvqUmSQ#Text_terminals" title="Komputer terminal">terminal teks</a> atau dalam sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgoEx0p6Y3zfiAOq3MrvhXFdcO1Eg" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulator</a> jendela sebagai klien remote shell seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PuTTY&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhijDmex62qKCk9v6w_MIat9dKfOAA" title="Putty">PuTTY</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Upon completion, the command usually returns output to the user in the form of text lines on the CLI.</span> Setelah selesai, perintah biasanya mengembalikan output kepada pengguna dalam bentuk baris teks pada CLI.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This output may be an answer if the command was a question, or otherwise a summary of the operation.</span> Output ini mungkin jawaban jika perintah itu pertanyaan, atau ringkasan operasi.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The concept of the CLI originated when <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhg8jJd6h2u_q-rFcDwsTemosQ2Ww" title="Teleprinter">teletypewriter</a> machines (TTY) were connected to computers in the 1950s, and offered results on demand, compared to <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batch_processing&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg6kEhuwjFuu-eSr_G_SrMdOyjKug" title="Batch processing">batch</a> oriented mechanical <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg9-RdNHPJWgV9B62uNRZ9VFQHbuA" title="Kartu meninju">punched card</a> input technology.</span> Konsep CLI berasal ketika <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhg8jJd6h2u_q-rFcDwsTemosQ2Ww" title="Teleprinter">teletip</a> mesin (TTY) yang terhubung ke komputer pada 1950-an, dan menawarkan hasil pada permintaan, dibandingkan dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batch_processing&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg6kEhuwjFuu-eSr_G_SrMdOyjKug" title="Batch processing">batch</a> mekanik berorientasi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg9-RdNHPJWgV9B62uNRZ9VFQHbuA" title="Kartu meninju">kartu punched</a> Teknologi input.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Dedicated text-based <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi1RICNT3ppCb3sNg7KN3x9_vSEKg" title="Tabung sinar katoda">CRT</a> terminals followed, with faster interaction and more information visible at one time, then <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_terminal&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhglS0yF0JURSLTQ5IruV7hqvqUmSQ" title="Komputer terminal">graphical terminals</a> enriched the visual display of information.</span> Dedicated berbasis teks <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi1RICNT3ppCb3sNg7KN3x9_vSEKg" title="Tabung sinar katoda">CRT</a> terminal diikuti, dengan interaksi yang lebih cepat dan informasi lebih terlihat pada satu waktu, maka <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_terminal&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhglS0yF0JURSLTQ5IruV7hqvqUmSQ" title="Komputer terminal">terminal grafis</a> memperkaya tampilan visual informasi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Currently personal computers encapsulate all three functions (batch processing, CLI, GUI) in software.</span> Saat ini komputer pribadi menyembunyikan seluruh tiga fungsi (batch processing, CLI, GUI) dalam perangkat lunak.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The CLI continues to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-evolve&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDssX358lCas8lz9YiGB0clDNphg" title="Co-berkembang">co-evolve</a> with GUIs like those provided by <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiCSw2RaQ7oKbECH7DSM5MVJLHIew" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjMfIodsCq4vWnepQwQm1Jz08_uRw" title="Mac OS">Mac OS</a> and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjHN_kIw4VjdrQ20LNCXhXj8FRbpQ" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> .</span> CLI terus <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-evolve&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDssX358lCas8lz9YiGB0clDNphg" title="Co-berkembang">bersama-berevolusi</a> dengan GUI seperti yang disediakan oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiCSw2RaQ7oKbECH7DSM5MVJLHIew" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjMfIodsCq4vWnepQwQm1Jz08_uRw" title="Mac OS">Mac OS</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjHN_kIw4VjdrQ20LNCXhXj8FRbpQ" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In some applications, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTHa7XsLy5YgqKT3_msLt3usFRPg" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj6ZFudJ2JIiLnerYgkgLK7-xLt0Q" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a> , a CLI is integrated with the GUI, with some benefits of both.</span> Pada beberapa aplikasi, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTHa7XsLy5YgqKT3_msLt3usFRPg" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj6ZFudJ2JIiLnerYgkgLK7-xLt0Q" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a> , sebuah CLI terintegrasi dengan GUI, dengan beberapa manfaat dari keduanya.</span><br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Usage">Penggunaan</span></span> </h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A CLI is used whenever a large vocabulary of commands or queries, coupled with a wide (or arbitrary) range of options, can be entered more rapidly as text than with a pure GUI.</span> Sebuah CLI digunakan setiap kali kosakata besar perintah atau query, ditambah dengan rentang (atau sewenang-wenang) macam pilihan, dapat dimasuki lebih cepat sebagai teks dibandingkan dengan GUI yang murni.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This is typically the case with operating system command <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdtYGJwUO8xFRJHs3RvvfGRtKB2w" title="Shell (komputer)">shells</a> .</span> Ini biasanya terjadi dengan sistem operasi perintah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdtYGJwUO8xFRJHs3RvvfGRtKB2w" title="Shell (komputer)">kerang</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Also, some computer languages (such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgQnQqCpPPsm9TqHi1lhECJJoTbuw" title="Python (bahasa pemrograman)">Python</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_%28programming_language%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgvlJ8HUAwaWCvszZszBfI0lwz58A" title="Keempat (bahasa pemrograman)">Forth</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LISP&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhif2O5Zw5BzpW1aX-0jF7M7sDPcag" title="LISP">LISP</a> and many dialects of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhWeqD6KGqkvDFFYtHOMysPu3FSjw" title="DASAR">BASIC</a> ) provide an interactive command-line mode to allow for experimentation.</span> Juga, bahasa komputer beberapa (seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgQnQqCpPPsm9TqHi1lhECJJoTbuw" title="Python (bahasa pemrograman)">Python</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_%28programming_language%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgvlJ8HUAwaWCvszZszBfI0lwz58A" title="Keempat (bahasa pemrograman)">Forth</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LISP&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhif2O5Zw5BzpW1aX-0jF7M7sDPcag" title="LISP">LISP</a> dan banyak dialek <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhWeqD6KGqkvDFFYtHOMysPu3FSjw" title="DASAR">BASIC</a> ) memberikan mode command-line interaktif untuk memungkinkan eksperimen.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">CLIs are often used by programmers and system administrators, in engineering and scientific environments, and by technically advanced personal computer users.</span> CLIs sering digunakan oleh programmer dan administrator sistem, dalam lingkungan teknik dan ilmiah, dan maju secara teknis pengguna komputer pribadi.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">CLIs are also popular among people with visual disability, since the commands and feedbacks can be displayed using <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreshable_Braille_display&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhCIZ0cZfgCKGhn0Im13CR30HmTsQ" title="Refreshable layar Braille">Refreshable Braille displays</a> .</span> CLIs juga populer di kalangan para penyandang cacat visual, karena perintah dan umpan balik dapat ditampilkan dengan menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreshable_Braille_display&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhCIZ0cZfgCKGhn0Im13CR30HmTsQ" title="Refreshable layar Braille">Braille menampilkan Refreshable</a> .</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A program that implements such a text interface is often called a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interpreter&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhDVVDhuyRJtChj-9vwOqYrBNoN8Q" title="Command-line interpreter">command-line interpreter</a> or <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdtYGJwUO8xFRJHs3RvvfGRtKB2w" title="Shell (komputer)">shell</a> .</span> Sebuah program yang mengimplementasikan antarmuka teks seperti sering disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interpreter&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhDVVDhuyRJtChj-9vwOqYrBNoN8Q" title="Command-line interpreter">-baris command interpreter</a> atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdtYGJwUO8xFRJHs3RvvfGRtKB2w" title="Shell (komputer)">shell</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Examples include the various <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4WitCctvqpz3Wq_aOr6X7_834mg" title="Unix shell">Unix shells</a> (sh, ksh, csh, tcsh, bash, etc.), the historical <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgXEYc_EGEdNC5ldtY50eFgDd5AzQ" title="CP / M">CP/M</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgsZ6YoPTm380JKnqaeLZqcK8DF6Q" title="DOS">MS-DOS/IBM-DOS</a> 's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COMMAND.COM&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhg6bxzuYjHLjk2nt5d2RgZU8K73g" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a> , the latter two based heavily on <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjIk0knrn35vScf77SFwJW8Nc8lwA" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC's</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSX-11&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4loKFZXCuVpNmiFM_9SBxbgvl4Q" title="RSX-11">RSX</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSTS/E&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhxYsVjDX-xI2pfzUs-WbvaZevzyA" title="RSTS / E">RSTS</a> CLIs.</span> Contohnya termasuk berbagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4WitCctvqpz3Wq_aOr6X7_834mg" title="Unix shell">Unix kerang</a> (sh, ksh, csh, tcsh, bash, dll), sejarah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgXEYc_EGEdNC5ldtY50eFgDd5AzQ" title="CP / M">CP / M</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgsZ6YoPTm380JKnqaeLZqcK8DF6Q" title="DOS">MS-DOS/IBM-DOS</a> 's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COMMAND.COM&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhg6bxzuYjHLjk2nt5d2RgZU8K73g" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a> , dua terakhir berdasarkan berat pada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjIk0knrn35vScf77SFwJW8Nc8lwA" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Desember's</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSX-11&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4loKFZXCuVpNmiFM_9SBxbgvl4Q" title="RSX-11">RSX</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSTS/E&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhxYsVjDX-xI2pfzUs-WbvaZevzyA" title="RSTS / E">RSTS</a> CLIs.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">(DOS, ie MS-DOS/IBM-DOS, is actually is based on CP/M, DOS having been originally written as a substitute for CP/M-86 when its release was delayed.)</span> (DOS, MS-DOS/IBM-DOS yaitu, sebenarnya didasarkan pada CP / M, DOS yang telah awalnya ditulis sebagai pengganti untuk CP/M-86 ketika rilis tertunda.)</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In November 2006, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhtAFMK25Kkz5kbdOAGguy0hiiTWQ" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> released version 1.0 of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_PowerShell&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh29QQhhQ6Bee9RUIOWp5wPQbmOGg" title="Windows PowerShell">Windows PowerShell</a> (formerly codenamed <i>Monad</i> ), which combined features of traditional Unix shells with their object-oriented <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgrLqklCVO747zwaAJklkXPeGV4QQ" title="NET Framework.">.NET Framework</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MinGW&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6fzVBYP83mCdMVfpZx_hS0AvaiA" title="MinGW">MinGW</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygwin&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh9lDMckj5L2UszY7KaCaO-htI90w" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a> are <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiPLS8MDga0WNW9TxOjQrIR-8oEAQ" title="Open source">open-source</a> packages for Windows that offer a Unix-like CLI.</span> Pada bulan November 2006, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhtAFMK25Kkz5kbdOAGguy0hiiTWQ" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> merilis versi 1.0 dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_PowerShell&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh29QQhhQ6Bee9RUIOWp5wPQbmOGg" title="Windows PowerShell">Windows PowerShell</a> (dahulu nama sandi <i>Monad),</i> yang dikombinasikan fitur kerang Unix tradisional dengan mereka berorientasi objek- <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgrLqklCVO747zwaAJklkXPeGV4QQ" title="NET Framework.">Framework. NET</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MinGW&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6fzVBYP83mCdMVfpZx_hS0AvaiA" title="MinGW">MinGW</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygwin&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh9lDMckj5L2UszY7KaCaO-htI90w" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a> yang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiPLS8MDga0WNW9TxOjQrIR-8oEAQ" title="Open source">open-source</a> paket untuk Windows yang menawarkan seperti CLI Unix .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Microsoft provides <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKS_Inc.&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiV5fzUmyv61_Tb-Ef7-fxS9D1Z_Q" title="MKS Inc">MKS Inc.</a> 's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn_shell&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6idux8ew5iX6drJXtc_Z69Y8nKg" title="Korn shell">ksh</a> implementation <i>MKS Korn shell</i> for Windows through their <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Services_for_UNIX&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgEzHBqAB9UZE39SYjSgbyEJ8idCA" title="Microsoft Windows Services untuk UNIX">Services for UNIX</a> add-on.</span> Microsoft menyediakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKS_Inc.&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiV5fzUmyv61_Tb-Ef7-fxS9D1Z_Q" title="MKS Inc">MKS Inc</a> 's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn_shell&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh6idux8ew5iX6drJXtc_Z69Y8nKg" title="Korn shell">ksh</a> <i>Korn shell</i> pelaksanaan <i>MKS</i> untuk Windows melalui mereka <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Services_for_UNIX&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgEzHBqAB9UZE39SYjSgbyEJ8idCA" title="Microsoft Windows Services untuk UNIX">Services untuk UNIX</a> pengaya.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The latest versions of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiIX4wa8WFNYiGUANvVZFG26ZjMxQ" title="Jas hujan">Macintosh</a> operating system are based on a variation of Unix called <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_%28operating_system%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgqKlJDWTve0_Q_EvXgLFxNZ1rC2A" title="Darwin (sistem operasi)">Darwin</a> .</span> Versi terbaru dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiIX4wa8WFNYiGUANvVZFG26ZjMxQ" title="Jas hujan">Macintosh</a> sistem operasi didasarkan pada variasi Unix yang disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_%28operating_system%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgqKlJDWTve0_Q_EvXgLFxNZ1rC2A" title="Darwin (sistem operasi)">Darwin</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">On these computers, users can access a Unix-like command-line interface called <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Terminal&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgjwDcKkiocbhuTTky_kYuhc352TA" title="Apple Terminal">Terminal</a> found in the Applications Utilities folder.</span> Pada komputer ini, pengguna dapat mengakses antarmuka baris perintah Unix seperti disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Terminal&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgjwDcKkiocbhuTTky_kYuhc352TA" title="Apple Terminal">Terminal</a> ditemukan di folder Applications Utilities.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">(This terminal uses <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_%28Unix_shell%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9lBMzrRQtPRkO3O2v_v44yYAABw" title="Bash (Unix shell)">bash</a> by default.)</span> (Terminal ini menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_%28Unix_shell%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9lBMzrRQtPRkO3O2v_v44yYAABw" title="Bash (Unix shell)">bash</a> secara default.)</span> <br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"> <a class="image" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matlab7.4.png&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj1ITuT9M7_tZTqO5FF3QhO39mtIg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="195" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/Matlab7.4.png/300px-Matlab7.4.png" width="300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a class="internal" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matlab7.4.png&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj1ITuT9M7_tZTqO5FF3QhO39mtIg" title="Memperbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a> </div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Screenshot of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTHa7XsLy5YgqKT3_msLt3usFRPg" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> 7.4 command-line interface and GUI.</span> Screenshot dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTHa7XsLy5YgqKT3_msLt3usFRPg" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> antarmuka baris perintah 7.4 dan GUI.</span> </div></div></div><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Some applications provide both a CLI and a GUI.</span> Beberapa aplikasi menyediakan baik CLI dan GUI.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The engineering/scientific numerical computation package <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTHa7XsLy5YgqKT3_msLt3usFRPg" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> provides no GUI for some calculations, but the CLI can handle any calculation.</span> teknik ini / ilmiah numerik perhitungan paket <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTHa7XsLy5YgqKT3_msLt3usFRPg" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> tidak menyediakan GUI untuk beberapa perhitungan, tetapi CLI dapat menangani perhitungan apapun.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The three-dimensional-modelling program <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros_3D&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTzR2ciHeQvzaGuNuVJnQ3PCRXnQ" title="Badak 3D">Rhinoceros 3D</a> provides a CLI as well as a distinct scripting language.</span> The-dimensi-modeling program tiga <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros_3D&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiTzR2ciHeQvzaGuNuVJnQ3PCRXnQ" title="Badak 3D">Rhinoceros 3D</a> menyediakan CLI serta bahasa scripting yang berbeda.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In some computing environments, such as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon_operating_system&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiGy_FjIiQbpKOyQGtgsuGazz9NVA" title="Oberon sistem operasi">Oberon</a> or <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgXskN4I4Gk_3-UvO3BJ5Q3gFp2LQ" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a> user interface, most of the text which appears on the screen may be used for giving commands.</span> Dalam beberapa lingkungan komputasi, seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon_operating_system&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiGy_FjIiQbpKOyQGtgsuGazz9NVA" title="Oberon sistem operasi">Oberon</a> atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgXskN4I4Gk_3-UvO3BJ5Q3gFp2LQ" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a> user interface, sebagian besar dari teks yang muncul pada layar dapat digunakan untuk memberikan perintah.</span><br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Anatomy_of_a_shell_CLI">Anatomi shell CLI</span></span> </h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A CLI can generally be considered as consisting of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi4eHQJ71xn5zRDrQmpQ0FUUz5QOA" title="Sintaksis">syntax</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg0tdPvDskw9A56uIFN1kzRQwdaqQ" title="Semantik">semantics</a> .</span> Sebuah CLI umum dapat dianggap sebagai terdiri dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi4eHQJ71xn5zRDrQmpQ0FUUz5QOA" title="Sintaksis">sintaks</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg0tdPvDskw9A56uIFN1kzRQwdaqQ" title="Semantik">semantik</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <i>syntax</i> is the grammar that all commands must follow.</span> <i>Sintaksnya</i> adalah tata bahasa bahwa semua perintah harus mengikuti.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In the case of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-bE2xOX2gTAjyPbDq2LtuzhV-ag" title="Sistem operasi">operating systems</a> (OS), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhbSksAx8-KXjmKuUZE3o_ixd8e1w" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiNdiUOD_ckQnJ105QzPvcrsOFrYQ" title="Unix">Unix</a> each define their own set of rules that all commands must follow.</span> Dalam kasus <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-bE2xOX2gTAjyPbDq2LtuzhV-ag" title="Sistem operasi">sistem operasi</a> (OS), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhbSksAx8-KXjmKuUZE3o_ixd8e1w" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiNdiUOD_ckQnJ105QzPvcrsOFrYQ" title="Unix">Unix</a> masing-masing menetapkan menetapkan sendiri aturan bahwa semua perintah harus mengikuti.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In the case of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systems&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhikRGKWSKnuJZiof_J6YXduxJAa5g" title="Embedded sistem">embedded systems</a> , each vendor, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nortel&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkkg7gsrn8E2cRMAERFdeKvGYEEg" title="Nortel">Nortel</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper_Networks&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7ezWbOTlKLkTwsKQ1YanyHsApAw" title="Juniper Networks">Juniper Networks</a> or <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhK8_on4b9H0Yvx_rFmZX86JkFyWA" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a> , defines their own proprietary set of rules that all commands within their CLI conform to.</span> Dalam kasus <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systems&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhikRGKWSKnuJZiof_J6YXduxJAa5g" title="Embedded sistem">embedded system</a> , masing-masing vendor, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nortel&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkkg7gsrn8E2cRMAERFdeKvGYEEg" title="Nortel">Nortel</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper_Networks&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7ezWbOTlKLkTwsKQ1YanyHsApAw" title="Juniper Networks">Juniper Networks</a> atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhK8_on4b9H0Yvx_rFmZX86JkFyWA" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a> , mendefinisikan milik mereka sendiri seperangkat aturan bahwa semua perintah di dalam mereka CLI sesuai dengan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">These rules also dictate how a user navigates through the system of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgk2hM7tsgPQ8MAVXdBY5w-jVaO8w" title="Command (komputasi)">commands</a> .</span> Aturan-aturan ini juga menentukan bagaimana pengguna menavigasi sistem <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgk2hM7tsgPQ8MAVXdBY5w-jVaO8w" title="Command (komputasi)">perintah</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <i>semantics</i> define what sort of operations are possible, on what sort of data these operations can be performed, and how the grammar represents these operations and data—the symbolic meaning in the syntax.</span> <i>Semantik</i> mendefinisikan apa macam operasi yang mungkin, dari apa data operasi ini dapat dilakukan, dan bagaimana tata bahasa yang mewakili operasi ini dan data-makna simbolik dalam sintaks.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Two different CLIs may agree on either syntax or semantics, but it is only when they agree on both that they can be considered sufficiently similar to allow users to use both CLIs without needing to learn anything, as well as to enable re-use of scripts.</span> Dua CLIs berbeda mungkin setuju di kedua sintaks atau semantik, tetapi hanya jika mereka setuju pada kedua bahwa mereka dapat dianggap cukup mirip untuk memungkinkan pengguna untuk menggunakan kedua CLIs tanpa perlu belajar sesuatu, serta untuk memungkinkan penggunaan kembali skrip .</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A simple CLI will display a prompt, accept a "command line" typed by the user terminated by the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enter_key&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjIJg2jEWi0dxq1HVm_XnMbbWr1WQ" title="Enter">Enter key</a> , then execute the specified command and provide textual display of results or error messages.</span> Sebuah CLI sederhana akan menampilkan prompt, menerima "baris perintah" diketik oleh pengguna dihentikan oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enter_key&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjIJg2jEWi0dxq1HVm_XnMbbWr1WQ" title="Enter">tombol Enter</a> , kemudian jalankan perintah yang ditentukan dan memberikan tampilan tekstual hasil atau pesan kesalahan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Advanced CLIs will validate, interpret and parameter-expand the command line before executing the specified command, and optionally capture or redirect its output.</span> Advanced CLIs akan memvalidasi, menafsirkan dan parameter-memperluas baris perintah sebelum menjalankan perintah yang ditentukan, dan opsional menangkap atau redirect output.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Unlike a button or menu item in a GUI, a command line is typically self-documenting, stating exactly what the user wants done.</span> Tidak seperti tombol atau item menu di GUI, baris perintah biasanya mendokumentasikan diri, menyatakan apa yang pengguna ingin dilakukan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In addition, command lines usually include many <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default_%28computer_science%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgx3YdeGPG5QF49pxPLbfqHRNIK8g" title="Default (ilmu komputer)">defaults</a> that can be changed to customize the results.</span> Selain itu, baris perintah biasanya mencakup banyak <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default_%28computer_science%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgx3YdeGPG5QF49pxPLbfqHRNIK8g" title="Default (ilmu komputer)">default</a> yang dapat diubah untuk menyesuaikan hasilnya.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Useful command lines can be saved by assigning a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_string&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgHwYF5xlBNyIiVthaJKO8ElUwjag" title="Karakter string">character string</a> or <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias_%28command%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg5HHs4Sjyl6f_VaHHs8a2ORVZYug" title="Alias (perintah)">alias</a> to represent the full command, or several commands can be grouped to perform a more complex sequence — for instance, compile the program, install it, and run it — creating a single entity, called a command procedure or script which itself can be treated as a command.</span> baris perintah yang berguna bisa diselamatkan dengan memberikan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_string&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgHwYF5xlBNyIiVthaJKO8ElUwjag" title="Karakter string">karakter string</a> atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias_%28command%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg5HHs4Sjyl6f_VaHHs8a2ORVZYug" title="Alias (perintah)">alias</a> untuk mewakili perintah penuh, atau beberapa perintah dapat dikelompokkan untuk melakukan urutan yang lebih kompleks - misalnya, mengkompilasi program, install, dan menjalankannya - menciptakan satu kesatuan , disebut prosedur perintah atau script yang dengan sendirinya dapat diperlakukan sebagai sebuah perintah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">These advantages mean that a user must figure out a complex command or series of commands only once, because they can be saved, to be used again.</span> Keuntungan ini berarti bahwa pengguna harus mencari tahu perintah kompleks atau serangkaian perintah hanya sekali, karena mereka dapat disimpan, untuk digunakan lagi.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The commands given to a CLI shell are often in one of the following forms:</span> Perintah diberikan kepada shell CLI sering di salah satu dari bentuk sebagai berikut:</span> <br />
<ul><li><code>[doSomething] [how] [toFiles]</code> </li>
<li> <code>[doSomething] [how] [sourceFile] [destinationFile]</code> </li>
<li> <code>[doSomething] [how] < [inputFile] > [outputFile]</code> </li>
<li> <code>[doSomething] [how] | [doSomething] [how] | [do Something] [how] > [outputFile]</code> </li>
</ul><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><i>doSomething</i> is, in effect, a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjvyCsgpELAROG5o66nd5XWltpPlg" title="Kata kerja">verb</a> , <i>how</i> an <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhgGlvUML8VQvNTrxCLIcw6dL_eFw" title="Kata keterangan">adverb</a> (for example, should the command be executed "verbosely" or "quietly") and <i>toFiles</i> an object or objects (typically one or more files) on which the command should act.</span> <i>doSomething</i> adalah, pada dasarnya, sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjvyCsgpELAROG5o66nd5XWltpPlg" title="Kata kerja">kata kerja</a> , <i>bagaimana</i> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhgGlvUML8VQvNTrxCLIcw6dL_eFw" title="Kata keterangan">keterangan</a> (misalnya, harus perintah dijalankan "verbosely" atau "tenang") dan <i>toFiles</i> suatu obyek atau benda (biasanya satu atau lebih file) yang perintah harus bertindak.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The '>' in the third example is a redirection <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_%28programming%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiSAX8aiptk9LpS-X8CIaEwfiYgNQ" title="Operator (pemrograman)">operator</a> , telling the command-line interpreter to send the output of the command not to the screen but to the file named on the right of the '>'.</span> The '>' pada contoh ketiga adalah redirection <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_%28programming%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiSAX8aiptk9LpS-X8CIaEwfiYgNQ" title="Operator (pemrograman)">operator</a> , mengatakan kepada-line interpreter perintah untuk mengirim output dari perintah untuk tidak layar tetapi untuk file yang bernama di sebelah kanan dari '>'.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This will overwrite the file.</span> Ini akan menimpa file.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Using '>>' will redirect the output and append it to the file.</span> Menggunakan '>>' akan redirect output dan menambahkan pada file.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Another redirection operator is the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_bar&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjL19hJSCMwrftqNLeMnvFK9T5jyw" title="Bar Vertikal">pipe</a> ('|'), which tells the CLI to use the output of one command as the input to the next command; this "operator-stream" mechanism can be very powerful.</span> Pengalihan operator lainnya adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_bar&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjL19hJSCMwrftqNLeMnvFK9T5jyw" title="Bar Vertikal">pipa</a> ('|'), yang menceritakan CLI untuk menggunakan output dari satu perintah sebagai input untuk perintah selanjutnya; ini "operator-stream" mekanisme bisa sangat kuat.</span><br />
<h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="Programming_languages_in_interactive_mode">Bahasa pemrograman di modus interaktif</span></span> </h2><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Some programming languages (such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhWeqD6KGqkvDFFYtHOMysPu3FSjw" title="DASAR">BASIC</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgQnQqCpPPsm9TqHi1lhECJJoTbuw" title="Python (bahasa pemrograman)">Python</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LISP&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhif2O5Zw5BzpW1aX-0jF7M7sDPcag" title="LISP">LISP</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_%28programming_language%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgvlJ8HUAwaWCvszZszBfI0lwz58A" title="Keempat (bahasa pemrograman)">Forth</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiXfsi0MKWpxD_jWR1pQ30OJWHj8A" title="Tcl">Tcl</a> ...) also provide an interactive command line for experimentation or even for normal everyday work.</span> Beberapa bahasa pemrograman (seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhWeqD6KGqkvDFFYtHOMysPu3FSjw" title="DASAR">BASIC</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgQnQqCpPPsm9TqHi1lhECJJoTbuw" title="Python (bahasa pemrograman)">Python</a> , <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LISP&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhif2O5Zw5BzpW1aX-0jF7M7sDPcag" title="LISP">LISP</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_%28programming_language%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgvlJ8HUAwaWCvszZszBfI0lwz58A" title="Keempat (bahasa pemrograman)">Keempat</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiXfsi0MKWpxD_jWR1pQ30OJWHj8A" title="Tcl">Tcl</a> ...) juga menyediakan baris perintah interaktif untuk eksperimen atau bahkan untuk pekerjaan sehari-hari normal.</span><br />
<h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="mw-headline" id="CLI_and_resource_protection">CLI dan perlindungan sumber daya</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In some CLIs, the commands issued are not coupled to any conceptual place within a command hierarchy.</span> Dalam beberapa CLIs, perintah-perintah yang diterbitkan tidak digabungkan ke tempat konseptual dalam hirarki perintah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A user can specify relative or absolute <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-BntCu6OENwaRekG-AdsFZZR2Yg" title="Path (komputasi)">paths</a> to any command or data.</span> Seorang pengguna dapat menentukan relatif atau absolut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_%28computing%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-BntCu6OENwaRekG-AdsFZZR2Yg" title="Path (komputasi)">path</a> untuk setiap perintah atau data.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Examples of this include MS-DOS, Windows, and UNIX, which provide forms of a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chdir&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjIGCUjbbO-6iTjXBtCjFWhpZzo9Q" title="Chdir">change directory</a> command which allows access to any directory in the system.</span> Contoh ini termasuk MS-DOS, Windows, dan UNIX, yang memberikan bentuk sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chdir&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjIGCUjbbO-6iTjXBtCjFWhpZzo9Q" title="Chdir">direktori perubahan</a> perintah yang memungkinkan akses ke direktori dalam sistem.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In some systems, protection of resources is provided by a system of resource ownership by privileged groups, and password-protected user accounts which are members of specific groups.</span> Dalam beberapa sistem, perlindungan sumber daya disediakan oleh sistem kepemilikan sumber daya oleh kelompok hak istimewa, dan account pengguna yang dilindungi sandi yang menjadi anggota kelompok tertentu.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">MS-DOS provides no such resource protection, nor do versions of Windows prior to the Windows NT family.</span> MS-DOS tidak memberikan perlindungan sumber daya tersebut, juga tidak versi Windows sebelum keluarga Windows NT.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">(Both of these were designed as single-user systems, where it was assumed that the owner would simply not allow people that she/he did not fully trust to have physical access to the computer at all. UNIX, by contrast, originated as a time-sharing system in corporate and university environments.)</span> (Kedua dirancang sebagai sistem single-user, di mana diasumsikan bahwa pemiliknya tidak hanya akan memungkinkan orang bahwa dia / dia tidak sepenuhnya percayai untuk memiliki akses fisik ke komputer sama sekali UNIX,. Sebaliknya, berasal sebagai time-sharing sistem di lingkungan perusahaan dan universitas.)</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Other CLIs (such as those in network routers) limit the set of commands that a user can perform to a subset, determined by location within a command hierarchy, grouped by association with security, system, interface, etc. The location within this hierarchy and the options available are often referred to as a mode.</span> CLIs lain (seperti yang ada di router jaringan) membatasi seperangkat perintah bahwa seorang pengguna dapat melakukan ke subset, ditentukan oleh lokasi dalam hirarki perintah, dikelompokkan oleh asosiasi dengan keamanan, sistem interface, dll Lokasi di dalam hirarki ini dan pilihan yang tersedia sering disebut sebagai modus.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In these systems the user might traverse through a series of sub-hierarchies, each with their own subset of commands.</span> Dalam sistem ini pengguna mungkin melintasi melalui serangkaian sub-hirarki, masing-masing dengan subset mereka sendiri perintah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For example, if the CLI had two modes called <i>interface</i> and <i>system</i> , the user would enter the word 'interface' at the command prompt and then enter an interface mode, where a certain subset of commands and data are available.</span> Sebagai contoh, jika CLI memiliki dua mode yang disebut <i>antarmuka</i> dan <i>sistem,</i> pengguna akan memasuki antarmuka 'kata' pada command prompt dan kemudian memasukkan modus antarmuka, di mana subset tertentu dari perintah dan data yang tersedia.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">At this point system commands are not accessible and would not be accessible until the user explicitly exits the interface mode and enters the system mode.</span> Pada titik ini perintah sistem tidak dapat diakses dan tidak akan diakses sampai pengguna keluar secara eksplisit mode interface dan memasuki modus sistem.</span> <br />
<h3> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="editsection">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DCommand-line_interface%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D5&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWH_CaE_V_bfNNF4h1Nv1TN-FQ1A" title="Edit bagian: Command prompt">edit</a> ]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Command_prompt">Command prompt</span></span> <span class="editsection">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DCommand-line_interface%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D5&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWH_CaE_V_bfNNF4h1Nv1TN-FQ1A" title="Edit bagian: Command prompt">sunting</a> ]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Command_prompt">Command prompt</span></span> </h3><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A command prompt (or just <i>prompt</i> ) is a sequence of (one or more) characters used in a command-line interface to indicate readiness to accept commands.</span> Sebuah perintah prompt (atau hanya <i>prompt)</i> merupakan urutan (satu atau lebih) karakter yang digunakan dalam-line antarmuka perintah untuk menunjukkan kesiapan untuk menerima perintah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Its intent is to literally <a class="extiw" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prompt&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhbOlrrsa-AykadAq1B7SME_4IkKQ" title="wiktionary: prompt">prompt</a> the user to take action.</span> Tujuannya adalah untuk benar-benar <a class="extiw" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prompt&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhbOlrrsa-AykadAq1B7SME_4IkKQ" title="wiktionary: prompt">meminta</a> pengguna untuk mengambil tindakan.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A prompt usually ends with one of the characters <b>$</b> , <b>%</b> , <b>#</b> , <b>:</b> , <b>></b> and often includes other information, such as the path of the current <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_directory&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhggbyWl5nQ8HMIHYn8IAEVTss5Fog" title="Direktori kerja">working directory</a> .</span> Sebuah prompt biasanya berakhir dengan salah satu karakter <b>$,%, #,:,></b> dan sering mencakup informasi lainnya, seperti jalur arus <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_directory&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhggbyWl5nQ8HMIHYn8IAEVTss5Fog" title="Direktori kerja">direktori kerja</a> .</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">On many <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiNdiUOD_ckQnJ105QzPvcrsOFrYQ" title="Unix">Unix</a> system and derivative systems, it is common for the prompt to end in a $ or % character if the user is a normal user, but in a # character if the user is a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjRKB6q8NU7dNeeUgxbmy07OQ-MBA" title="Superuser">superuser</a> ("root" in Unix terminology).</span> Pada banyak <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiNdiUOD_ckQnJ105QzPvcrsOFrYQ" title="Unix">Unix</a> sistem dan sistem derivatif, adalah umum bagi prompt untuk mengakhiri dalam atau karakter% $ jika pengguna adalah user biasa, tapi dalam karakter # jika pengguna adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjRKB6q8NU7dNeeUgxbmy07OQ-MBA" title="Superuser">superuser</a> ("root" di Unix terminologi).</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is common for prompts to be modifiable by the user.</span> Hal ini umum untuk meminta dapat dimodifikasi oleh pengguna.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Depending on the environment, they may include colors, special characters, and other elements like the current time, in order, for instance, to make the prompt more informative or visually pleasing, to distinguish sessions on various machines, or to indicate the current level of nesting of commands.</span> Tergantung pada lingkungan, mereka mungkin termasuk warna, karakter khusus, dan elemen lain seperti waktu saat ini, dalam rangka, misalnya, untuk membuat prompt lebih menyenangkan informatif atau visual, untuk membedakan berbagai sesi pada mesin, atau untuk mengindikasikan tingkat dari sarang perintah.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In DOS's COMMAND.COM and in the Windows NT's command-line interpreter <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cmd.exe&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhq7b8TVhC3lUn0jFOB3rvtitxyDQ" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a> the prompt is modifiable by issuing a <code>prompt</code> command or by changing the value of the <code>%PROMPT%</code> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj7xtEzytzoj7N6QQ2bjiZbMdSMEg" title="Variabel lingkungan">environment variable</a> .</span> Dalam DOS COMMAND.COM dan di baris perintah-penerjemah Windows NT adalah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cmd.exe&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhq7b8TVhC3lUn0jFOB3rvtitxyDQ" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a> prompt ini dimodifikasi dengan mengeluarkan <code>prompt</code> perintah atau dengan mengubah nilai <code>%PROMPT%</code> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj7xtEzytzoj7N6QQ2bjiZbMdSMEg" title="Variabel lingkungan">variabel lingkungan</a> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The default of most modern systems, the <code>C:\></code> style is obtained, for instance, with " <code>prompt $P$G</code> ".</span> Default sistem paling modern, di <code>C:\></code> gaya diperoleh, misalnya, dengan " <code>prompt $P$G</code> ".</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The default of older DOS systems, <code>C></code> is obtained by just " <code>prompt</code> ", although on some systems this produces the newer <code>C:\></code> style; on those systems " <code>prompt $N$G</code> " can be used to switch to the older style.</span> Default sistem DOS yang lebih tua, <code>C></code> diperoleh dengan hanya " <code>prompt</code> ", meskipun pada beberapa sistem ini menghasilkan yang lebih baru <code>C:\></code> gaya; pada sistem-sistem " <code>prompt $N$G</code> "dapat digunakan untuk beralih ke gaya yang lebih tua .</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">On many Unix systems, the <code>$PS1</code> variable can be used, although other variables also may have an impact on the prompt (depending on what <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4WitCctvqpz3Wq_aOr6X7_834mg" title="Unix shell">shell</a> is being used).</span> Pada sistem Unix banyak, <code>$PS1</code> variabel dapat digunakan, meskipun variabel lain mungkin juga berdampak pada prompt (tergantung pada apa <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4WitCctvqpz3Wq_aOr6X7_834mg" title="Unix shell">shell</a> yang sedang digunakan).</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_%28Unix_shell%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9lBMzrRQtPRkO3O2v_v44yYAABw" title="Bash (Unix shell)">bash</a> shell, a prompt of the form</span> Dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_%28Unix_shell%29&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9lBMzrRQtPRkO3O2v_v44yYAABw" title="Bash (Unix shell)">bash</a> shell, prompt dalam bentuk</span> <br />
<dl><dd> <code>[time] user@host: work_dir $</code> </dd></dl><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">could be set by issuing the command</span> dapat diatur dengan menerbitkan perintah</span> <br />
<dl><dd> <code>export PS1='[\t] \u@\H: \W $'</code> </dd></dl><span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsh&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgzXvhli2_22sI--BrFJsBY7FWfCg" title="Zsh">zsh</a> the <code>$RPROMPT</code> variable controls an optional "prompt" on the right hand side of the display.</span> Dalam <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsh&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgzXvhli2_22sI--BrFJsBY7FWfCg" title="Zsh">zsh</a> dalam <code>$RPROMPT</code> variabel kontrol opsional "prompt" di sisi kanan layar.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is not a real prompt in that the location of text entry does not change.</span> Ini bukan prompt nyata di lokasi entri teks tidak berubah.</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is used to display information on the same line as the prompt, but right justified.</span> Hal ini digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi pada baris yang sama seperti prompt, tapi benar dibenarkan.</span> <br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In RISC OS, the command prompt is a '*' symbol, and thus (OS)CLI commands are often referred to as "star commands" <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-I7HZEq9Hhlt2riON_H0c5hgLlw#cite_note-0"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><span>[</span> 1 <span>]</span></sup></a> .</span> Dalam RISC OS, perintah prompt adalah simbol '*', dan dengan demikian (OS) perintah CLI sering disebut sebagai "bintang perintah" <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-I7HZEq9Hhlt2riON_H0c5hgLlw#cite_note-0"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0">[1]</sup></a></span> .</span> <span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is also possible to access the same commands from other command lines (such as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_BASIC&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhifj0L36T24eDnd6pJhDfWd5iRtOg" title="BBC DASAR">BBC BASIC</a> command line), by preceding the command with a '*'.</span> Hal ini juga memungkinkan untuk mengakses perintah yang sama dari baris perintah lainnya (seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_BASIC&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhifj0L36T24eDnd6pJhDfWd5iRtOg" title="BBC DASAR">BBC BASIC</a> baris perintah), dengan mendahului perintah dengan 'a' *</span><br />
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http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"> </span>Ataehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10085631725841168364noreply@blogger.com0